Intersex, infertility and the future: early diagnoses and the imagined life course

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Wiley via the DOI in this recordInfertility is often recognised as a status that is medically identified in adulthood after unsuccessful attempts to conceive. This paper develops existing literature by illustrating how current conceptualisations of infertility do not incorporate a full range of experiences. Drawing on detailed, reflective diaries and in-depth interviews with five participants, I explore how infertility is experienced and understood by women with variations of sex characteristics (VSCs) or intersex traits. I argue that greater consideration needs to be applied to intersex people and the circumstances of an infertility status that may be received in infancy, childhood or adolescence, before or outside of attempts to conceive, and without undergoing fertility treatment. Through discussions of time and futurity, this paper seeks to explore how visions of the future coalesce with an infertile status that is received in combination with an atypical sex status early in life. The paper indicates that early infertility can hinder some intersex children and young people’s ambitions. However, infertility is not understood to be pathological or consistently prohibitive throughout the lives of everyone affected. Intersex women's conceptions of a potentially childless future are varied, complex, ambivalent, and in some cases transitional throughout the life courseEconomic and Social Research Council (ESRC

Politik Internasional : kerangka untuk analisis Edisi Keempat Jilid 2

xi, 251 hlm.; 24 x 16 c

Politik Internasional : Kerangka Untuk Analisis

xi.273 hal.;25 c

Political Sources of Humanitarian Emergencies

This diagnostic study explores the political conditions that are associated with humanitarian emergencies. It employs a risk rather than cause-effect methodology. Humanitarian emergencies are not random events. They occur most frequently in states having the following characteristics: i) more than two distinct ethnic, language, and/ or religious communities; ii) recent (since 1945) independence; iii) government exclusion and often persecution of distinct social groups; iv) rule by kleptocrats or entrenched minorities; and v) weak government legitimacy. The study examines 17 non-random cases of humanitarian emergencies and finds a strong fit between the risk model and the patterns of armed violence. Contrary to many analysts who have emphasized 'ethnic conflict' as a major source of bloodshed, these cases show that it is governments rather than spontaneous explosions of ethnic hatred that usually launch the violence. In several cases, politicides and ethnocides had been planned and organized long before the humanitarian emergency began. External agents often become involved in domestic violence, but in the 17 cases foreign intervention was a causal factor in only two. In one other, withdrawal of foreign aid after the end of the cold war precipitated an economic crisis that led to the collapse of political authority and to subsequent killing and refugee flows. The study finds that organized politicides by governments have resulted in far greater casualties than civil wars, rebellions, and armed secessions. The presence of early warning indicators regrettably has not helped to mobilize the international community to prevent humanitarian emergencies

International politics: a framework for analysis, 3rd.ed.6/ Holsti

xi, 548 hal.: bibl.: ind.; 24 cm

International politics: a framework for analysis, 3rd.ed.6/ Holsti

xi, 548 hal.: bibl.: ind.; 24 cm

International politics: a framework for analysis, 3rd.ed.6/ Holsti

xi, 548 hal.: bibl.: ind.; 24 cm