The intensive and the extensive margins : not only an international issue

Empirical evidence shows that quantity (intensive margin) and variety availability (extensive margin) have effects of different magnitude on populations’ welfare. Indeed, the pattern of a market dynamics may cause changes in welfare inequality. Low income consumers benefit more from quantity than high income consumers, who are more interested in enjoying variety. These facts have been usu- ally addressed as consequences of trade liberalization by international trade theory. However, market dynamics are also present within the borders of every country. It is important to understand what forces, unrelated with international trade, affect these dynamics. This paper explores the transmission of different real shocks into mar- ket dynamics in a new-Keynesian closed economy. Results show that the source of the shock is crucial to determine the magnitude and direction of the effects on each margin.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Dynamics of China's regional development and pollution : an investigation into the Environmental Kuznets Curve

This paper addresses the existence of an Environmental Kuznets Curve for China, using a sample of thirty regions, covering the period 1982–1997. The types of pollution included are wastewater, waste gas and solid waste. We consider the development of the sources of pollution in a pooled cross-section analysis with pollution in absolute levels, in per capita terms and relative to real Gross Regional Product (GRP). At intermediate levels of GRP per capita, the increase of solid and gas emissions tends to decelerate, but accelerates again at high levels of GRP per capita. Water pollution decreases with per capita GRP. We also predict future waste gas emissions

Hoogopgeleiden als motor voor stedelijke groei

De baten van clustering en de waardering voor publieke goederen verschillen per bevolkingsgroep. Hoogopgeleiden hebben bijvoorbeeld een grotere voorkeur voor wonen nabij stedelijke voorzieningen dan laagopgeleiden. Ook plukken hoogopgeleiden meer vruchten van kennis-spillovers die mogelijk worden gemaakt in dichtbevolkte gebieden. Dit gebeurt in sterkere mate in de tijd dat nieuwe innovatieve General Purpose Technologies hun intrede doen. Dergelijke krachten leiden tot verhuisbewegingen van de bevolking, waarbij de groepen met de hoogste waardering voor stedelijke voorzieningen (in de breedste zin van het woord) zich in steden uitsorteren. Dit proces leidt tot beter functionerende arbeidsmarkten, draagt bij aan efficient gebruik van publieke goederen in dichtbevolkte gebieden, en versterkt het belang van regionaal-economische samenwerking op schaalniveaus die het huidige niveau van de gemeenten overstijgt. \u3cbr/\u3e\u3cbr/\u3

Land use, worker heterogeneity and welfare benefits of public goods

We show that investments in public goods change the optimal land use in their vicinity, leading to additional welfare benefits. This occurs through two sorting mechanisms. First, availability of public goods leads to higher population densities. Second, population groups sort according to their preferences for public goods. We develop a structural spatial general equilibrium model that accounts for these effects. The model is estimated using data on transport infrastructure, commuting behaviour, land use and land rents for some 3000 ZIP-codes in the Netherlands and for three levels of education. Welfare benefits of investments in public transport infrastructure are shown to differ sharply by workers’ educational attainment. Welfare gains from changes in land use account for up to 30% of the total benefits of a transport investment