34 research outputs found

    Distribution of dipeptidyl-peptidase IV on keratinocytes in the margin zone of a psoriatic lesion: a comparison with hyperproliferation and aberrant differentiation markers.

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    Contains fulltext : 70490.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)The inflammation process in psoriatic skin is characterized by influx of leukocytes, hyperproliferation and aberrant differentiation of keratinocytes regulated via cytokines. Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPPIV) is known to be upregulated on keratinocytes in the psoriatic lesion. The objective was to gain insight into dynamics of DPPIV expression and enzyme activity together with keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation markers during development of a psoriatic lesion, in order to investigate coherence in mechanisms behind the upregulation of DPPIV in psoriatic skin. The expression of DPPIV, Ki-67 antigen and keratin-16 (K16) was studied in the dynamic margin zone of the psoriatic lesion, examining skin sections of the clinically uninvolved skin, the early lesion and the chronic lesion of psoriatic patients compared to healthy volunteers using immunohistochemical and enzymehistochemical staining methods. DPPIV-expression and enzyme activity, Ki-67 antigen and K16 are significantly upregulated in the centre and inner margin of the lesion compared to clinically uninvolved skin and the healthy volunteers skin. Mutually between the centre and inner margin, this upregulation did not differ significantly. The clinical symptomless skin proved to have significantly elevated DPPIV enzyme activity compared to the skin of healthy volunteers. We demonstrate that DPPIV is expressed and enzymatically active well before the development of an overt psoriatic lesion. The abnormal DPPIV distribution in psoriatic skin does not coincide with known markers of aberrant growth and differentiation of keratinocytes, which makes DPPIV (expression and enzyme activity) a marker standing on its own

    Thermodynamic Driving Force of Hydrogen on Rumen Microbial Metabolism: A Theoretical Investigation

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    Hydrogen is a key product of rumen fermentation and has been suggested to thermodynamically control the production of the various volatile fatty acids (VFA). Previous studies, however, have not accounted for the fact that only thermodynamic near-equilibrium conditions control the magnitude of reaction rate. Furthermore, the role of NAD, which is affected by hydrogen partial pressure (PH 2), has often not been considered. The aim of this study was to quantify the control of PH 2 on reaction rates of specific fermentation pathways, methanogenesis and NADH oxidation in rumen microbes. The control of PH 2 was quantified using the thermodynamic potential factor (FT), which is a dimensionless factor that corrects a predicted kinetic reaction rate for the thermodynamic control exerted. Unity FT was calculated for all glucose fermentation pathways considered, indicating no inhibition of PH 2 on the production of a specific type of VFA (e.g., acetate, propionate and butyrate) in the rumen. For NADH oxidation without ferredoxin oxidation, increasing PH 2 within the rumen physiological range decreased FT from unity to zero for different NAD+ to NADH ratios and pH of 6.2 and 7.0, which indicates thermodynamic control of PH 2. For NADH oxidation with ferredoxin oxidation, increasing PH 2 within the rumen physiological range decreased FT from unity at pH of 7.0 only. For the acetate to propionate conversion, FT increased from 0.65 to unity with increasing PH 2, which indicates thermodynamic control. For propionate to acetate and butyrate to acetate conversions, FT decreased to zero below the rumen range of PH 2, indicating full thermodynamic suppression. For methanogenesis by archaea without cytochromes, FT differed from unity only below the rumen range of PH 2, indicating no thermodynamic control. This theoretical investigation shows that thermodynamic control of PH 2 on individual VFA produced and associated yield of hydrogen and methane cannot be explained without considering NADH oxidation.</p

    Clinical presentation, disease course and outcome of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients with and without pre-existing cardiac disease – a cohort study across eighteen countries

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