16 research outputs found
Influencia del aditivo eucon 1037 en la resistencia a la compresión de un concreto de f´c= 350 kg/cm2 - Cajamarca
El uso de los aditivos en nuestros días se ha convertido en una práctica muy utilizada para la
obtención de concreto con mejores características y que estas se adecuen a las exigencias de la
obra o estructura donde este material será utilizado.
Uno de los tipos de aditivos más utilizados son los aditivos plastificantes, los cuales presentan una
característica fundamental que es la reducción de agua utilizada en la mezcla de concreto,
logrando obtener concretos con mayor trabajabilidad con bajas cantidades de agua, permitiendo
que la resistencia a la compresión del concreto aumente.
El aditivo EUCON 1037 es un aditivo reductor de agua de alto rango que puede ser adicionado al
concreto en obra o en una planta de concreto, ese aditivo permite obtener concretos de alta
resistencia por trabajar a baja relación agua/cemento, así mismo facilita la colocación permitiendo
reducir la mano de obra y permite producir concretos fluidos con resistencias superiores a lo
normal.
En la presente tesis de investigación se tiene como objetivo principal el determinar la influencia
que presenta el adicionar aditivo EUCON 1037 en un concreto de f’c = 350 Kg/cm2 con
dosificaciones de 1.2%, 1.4% 1.7% de aditivo por peso de cemento; dosificaciones que se toman
a partir de lo que indica la hoja técnica del aditivo cuyo uso es de (0.7% - 1.9% / Kg de cemento).
Para ello se realizó la elaboración de especímenes de concreto a partir de una adecuada
elaboración de diseños de mezcla, los mismos que fueron sometidos a ensayos a compresión
uniaxial, siguiendo los procedimientos de las normas ASTM y NTP correspondientes. Estos
diseños de mezcla se elaboraron con agregados de la cantera Acosta (Rio Chonta), que cumple
con lo estipulado en las normas correspondientes y que cuyas características físicas serán
determinadas en laboratorio, permitiendo la elaboración de los diseños de mezcla.
Al finalizar con el trabajo de investigación se llegó a la conclusión que el aditivo EUCON 1037
aumenta considerablemente la resistencia a la compresión de concreto de f’c = 350 Kg/cm2, tal es
así que para una dosificación de 1.7% de aditivo por peso de cemento, el aumento con respecto
de la mezcla que no presenta ninguna adición es de 28.21% a edad de 7 días y 14.92% a edad
de 28 días.Tesi
Effects of texture modification on the flavor of foods for elderly people with dysmasesis
The aroma and flavor of food before and during eating is a major determinant of the pleasure which drives us to eat. The aim of this study was to investigate how texture modification influences the aroma and flavor of two types of texture-modified teriyaki-based salmon foods (chopped salmon teriyaki and steamed salmon teriyaki-paste) as compared to original salmon teriyaki using gas chromatographyolfactometry and retronasal olfactometry analyses. The results indicated that the odor of soy sauce was weaker in the modified foods as compared to the original, with the past having even less odor than the chopped salmon teriyaki. The sensory evaluation corresponded with the gas chromatography results, and showed that odor was an important factor contributing to preference. Steamed salmon teriyaki-paste is suitable for elderly people with dysmasesis because it is easy to chew and swallow ; thus, optimal cooking conditions to improve its odor should be developed.研究ノー
Epidemiological Survey of Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration in Tottori Prefecture, Japan
Background: The prevalence of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) in Japan is unknown. An epidemiological survey study of FTLD was undertaken in Tottori Prefecture, a district in the western region of Japan. Methods: Hospitals in Tottori Prefecture were surveyed by a two-step questionnaire in 2010, and the prevalence of FTLD per 100,000 inhabitants was calculated using the actual number of patients and inhabitants in Tottori Prefecture on the prevalence day of October 1, 2010. Results: In this survey, 66 patients were diagnosed with FTLD. The subtypes of FTLD were as follows: 62 cases of frontotemporal dementia (FTD), 3 cases of progressive nonfluent aphasia, and 1 case of semantic dementia. Among the FTD cases, 5 cases were FTD with motor neuron disease and 1 case was FTD with parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17. The prevalence of FTD in the total population of Tottori Prefecture was 11.2 per 100,000 inhabitants. Based on these results, the prevalence of FTLD in Japan in 2008 was estimated to be 9.5 per 100,000 individuals. Conclusions: Our epidemiological survey results suggest that there are at least 12,000 FTLD patients in Japan, indicating that FTLD is not a rare disease
Stepwise Expansion of Pd Chains from Binuclear Palladium(I) Complexes Supported by Tetraphosphine Ligands
Reaction of [Pd<sub>2</sub>(XylNC)<sub>6</sub>]X<sub>2</sub> (X = PF<sub>6</sub>, BF<sub>4</sub>) with a
linear tetraphosphine, <i>meso</i>-bis[(diphenylphosphinomethyl)phenylphosphino]methane
(dpmppm), afforded binuclear Pd<sup>I</sup> complexes, [Pd<sub>2</sub>(μ-dpmppm)<sub>2</sub>]X<sub>2</sub> ([<b>2</b>]X<sub>2</sub>), through an asymmetric dipalladium complex, [Pd<sub>2</sub>(μ-dpmppm)(XylNC)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> ([<b>1</b>]<sup>2+</sup>). Complex [<b>2</b>]<sup>2+</sup> readily reacted
with [Pd<sup>0</sup>(dba)<sub>2</sub>] (2 equiv) and an excess of
isocyanide, RNC (R = 2,6-xylyl (Xyl), <i>tert</i>-butyl
(<sup><i>t</i></sup>Bu)), to generate an equilibrium mixture
of [Pd<sub>4</sub>(μ-dpmppm)<sub>2</sub>(RNC)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> ([<b>3</b>′]<sup>2+</sup>) + RNC ⇄ [Pd<sub>4</sub>(μ-dpmppm)<sub>2</sub>(RNC)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> ([<b>3</b>]<sup>2+</sup>), from which [Pd<sub>4</sub>(μ-dpmppm)<sub>2</sub>(XylNC)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> ([<b>3a</b>]<sup>2+</sup>) and [Pd<sub>4</sub>(μ-dpmppm)<sub>2</sub>(<sup><i>t</i></sup>BuNC)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> ([<b>3b</b>′]<sup>2+</sup>) were isolated. Variable-temperature UV–vis and <sup>31</sup>P{<sup>1</sup>H} and <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectroscopic studies
on the equilibrium mixtures demonstrated that the tetrapalladium complexes
are quite fluxional in the solution state: the symmetric Pd<sub>4</sub> complex [<b>3b</b>′]<sup>2+</sup> predominantly existed
at higher temperatures (>0 °C), and the equilibrium shifted
to the asymmetric Pd<sub>4</sub> complex [<b>3b</b>]<sup>2+</sup> at a low temperature (∼−30 °C). The binding constants
were determined by UV–vis titration at 20 °C and revealed
that XylNC is of higher affinity to the Pd<sub>4</sub> core than <sup><i>t</i></sup>BuNC. In addition, both isocyanides exhibited
higher affinity to the electron deficient [Pd<sub>4</sub>(μ-dpmppmF<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(RNC)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> ([<b>3F</b>′]<sup>2+</sup>) than to [Pd<sub>4</sub>(μ-dpmppm)<sub>2</sub>(RNC)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> ([<b>3</b>′]<sup>2+</sup>) (dpmppmF<sub>2</sub> = <i>meso</i>-bis[{di(3,5-difluorophenyl)phosphinomethyl}phenylphosphino]methane).
When [<b>2</b>]X<sub>2</sub> was treated with [Pd<sup>0</sup>(dba)<sub>2</sub>] (2 equiv) in the absence of RNC in acetonitrile,
linearly ordered octapalladium chains, [Pd<sub>8</sub>(μ-dpmppm)<sub>4</sub>(CH<sub>3</sub>CN)<sub>2</sub>]X<sub>4</sub> ([<b>4</b>]X<sub>4</sub>: X = PF<sub>6</sub>, BF<sub>4</sub>), were generated
through a coupling of two {Pd<sub>4</sub>(μ-dpmppm)<sub>2</sub>}<sup>2+</sup> fragments. Complex [<b>2</b>]<sup>2+</sup> was
also proven to be a good precursor for Pd<sub>2</sub>M<sub>2</sub> mixed-metal complexes, yielding [Pd<sub>2</sub>Cl(Cp*MCl) (Cp*MCl<sub>2</sub>)(μ-dpmppm)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> (M = Rh ([<b>5</b>]<sup>2+</sup>), Ir ([<b>6</b>]<sup>2+</sup>), and
[Au<sub>2</sub>Pd<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>(dpmppm–H)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> ([<b>7</b>]<sup>2+</sup>) by treatment with
[Cp*MCl<sub>2</sub>]<sub>2</sub> and [AuCl(PPh<sub>3</sub>)], respectively.
Complex [<b>7</b>]<sup>2+</sup> contains an unprecedented PC(sp<sup>3</sup>)P pincer ligand with a PCPCPCP backbone, dpmppm–H
of deprotonated dpmppm. The present results demonstrated that the
binuclear Pd<sup>I</sup> complex [<b>2</b>]<sup>2+</sup> was
a quite useful starting material to extend the palladium chains and
to construct Pd-involved heteromultinuclear systems
Stepwise Expansion of Pd Chains from Binuclear Palladium(I) Complexes Supported by Tetraphosphine Ligands
Reaction of [Pd<sub>2</sub>(XylNC)<sub>6</sub>]X<sub>2</sub> (X = PF<sub>6</sub>, BF<sub>4</sub>) with a
linear tetraphosphine, <i>meso</i>-bis[(diphenylphosphinomethyl)phenylphosphino]methane
(dpmppm), afforded binuclear Pd<sup>I</sup> complexes, [Pd<sub>2</sub>(μ-dpmppm)<sub>2</sub>]X<sub>2</sub> ([<b>2</b>]X<sub>2</sub>), through an asymmetric dipalladium complex, [Pd<sub>2</sub>(μ-dpmppm)(XylNC)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> ([<b>1</b>]<sup>2+</sup>). Complex [<b>2</b>]<sup>2+</sup> readily reacted
with [Pd<sup>0</sup>(dba)<sub>2</sub>] (2 equiv) and an excess of
isocyanide, RNC (R = 2,6-xylyl (Xyl), <i>tert</i>-butyl
(<sup><i>t</i></sup>Bu)), to generate an equilibrium mixture
of [Pd<sub>4</sub>(μ-dpmppm)<sub>2</sub>(RNC)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> ([<b>3</b>′]<sup>2+</sup>) + RNC ⇄ [Pd<sub>4</sub>(μ-dpmppm)<sub>2</sub>(RNC)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> ([<b>3</b>]<sup>2+</sup>), from which [Pd<sub>4</sub>(μ-dpmppm)<sub>2</sub>(XylNC)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> ([<b>3a</b>]<sup>2+</sup>) and [Pd<sub>4</sub>(μ-dpmppm)<sub>2</sub>(<sup><i>t</i></sup>BuNC)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> ([<b>3b</b>′]<sup>2+</sup>) were isolated. Variable-temperature UV–vis and <sup>31</sup>P{<sup>1</sup>H} and <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectroscopic studies
on the equilibrium mixtures demonstrated that the tetrapalladium complexes
are quite fluxional in the solution state: the symmetric Pd<sub>4</sub> complex [<b>3b</b>′]<sup>2+</sup> predominantly existed
at higher temperatures (>0 °C), and the equilibrium shifted
to the asymmetric Pd<sub>4</sub> complex [<b>3b</b>]<sup>2+</sup> at a low temperature (∼−30 °C). The binding constants
were determined by UV–vis titration at 20 °C and revealed
that XylNC is of higher affinity to the Pd<sub>4</sub> core than <sup><i>t</i></sup>BuNC. In addition, both isocyanides exhibited
higher affinity to the electron deficient [Pd<sub>4</sub>(μ-dpmppmF<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(RNC)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> ([<b>3F</b>′]<sup>2+</sup>) than to [Pd<sub>4</sub>(μ-dpmppm)<sub>2</sub>(RNC)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> ([<b>3</b>′]<sup>2+</sup>) (dpmppmF<sub>2</sub> = <i>meso</i>-bis[{di(3,5-difluorophenyl)phosphinomethyl}phenylphosphino]methane).
When [<b>2</b>]X<sub>2</sub> was treated with [Pd<sup>0</sup>(dba)<sub>2</sub>] (2 equiv) in the absence of RNC in acetonitrile,
linearly ordered octapalladium chains, [Pd<sub>8</sub>(μ-dpmppm)<sub>4</sub>(CH<sub>3</sub>CN)<sub>2</sub>]X<sub>4</sub> ([<b>4</b>]X<sub>4</sub>: X = PF<sub>6</sub>, BF<sub>4</sub>), were generated
through a coupling of two {Pd<sub>4</sub>(μ-dpmppm)<sub>2</sub>}<sup>2+</sup> fragments. Complex [<b>2</b>]<sup>2+</sup> was
also proven to be a good precursor for Pd<sub>2</sub>M<sub>2</sub> mixed-metal complexes, yielding [Pd<sub>2</sub>Cl(Cp*MCl) (Cp*MCl<sub>2</sub>)(μ-dpmppm)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> (M = Rh ([<b>5</b>]<sup>2+</sup>), Ir ([<b>6</b>]<sup>2+</sup>), and
[Au<sub>2</sub>Pd<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>(dpmppm–H)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> ([<b>7</b>]<sup>2+</sup>) by treatment with
[Cp*MCl<sub>2</sub>]<sub>2</sub> and [AuCl(PPh<sub>3</sub>)], respectively.
Complex [<b>7</b>]<sup>2+</sup> contains an unprecedented PC(sp<sup>3</sup>)P pincer ligand with a PCPCPCP backbone, dpmppm–H
of deprotonated dpmppm. The present results demonstrated that the
binuclear Pd<sup>I</sup> complex [<b>2</b>]<sup>2+</sup> was
a quite useful starting material to extend the palladium chains and
to construct Pd-involved heteromultinuclear systems
Intracellular signaling entropy can be a biomarker for predicting the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.
While the mortality rates for cervical cancer have been drastically reduced after the introduction of the Pap smear test, it still is one of the leading causes of death in women worldwide. Additionally, studies that appropriately evaluate the risk of developing cervical lesions are needed. Therefore, we investigated whether intracellular signaling entropy, which is measured with microarray data, could be useful for predicting the risks of developing cervical lesions. We used three datasets, GSE63514 (histology), GSE27678 (cytology) and GSE75132 (cytology, a prospective study). From the data in GSE63514, the entropy rate was significantly increased with disease progression (normal < cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, CIN < cancer) (Kruskal-Wallis test, p < 0.0001). From the data in GSE27678, similar results (normal < low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, LSILs < high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, HSILs ≤ cancer) were obtained (Kruskal-Wallis test, p < 0.001). From the data in GSE75132, the entropy rate tended to be higher in the HPV-persistent groups than the HPV-negative group. The group that was destined to progress to CIN 3 or higher had a tendency to have a higher entropy rate than the HPV16-positive without progression group. In conclusion, signaling entropy was suggested to be different for different lesion statuses and could be a useful biomarker for predicting the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia