Influencia del aditivo eucon 1037 en la resistencia a la compresión de un concreto de f´c= 350 kg/cm2 - Cajamarca

El uso de los aditivos en nuestros días se ha convertido en una práctica muy utilizada para la obtención de concreto con mejores características y que estas se adecuen a las exigencias de la obra o estructura donde este material será utilizado. Uno de los tipos de aditivos más utilizados son los aditivos plastificantes, los cuales presentan una característica fundamental que es la reducción de agua utilizada en la mezcla de concreto, logrando obtener concretos con mayor trabajabilidad con bajas cantidades de agua, permitiendo que la resistencia a la compresión del concreto aumente. El aditivo EUCON 1037 es un aditivo reductor de agua de alto rango que puede ser adicionado al concreto en obra o en una planta de concreto, ese aditivo permite obtener concretos de alta resistencia por trabajar a baja relación agua/cemento, así mismo facilita la colocación permitiendo reducir la mano de obra y permite producir concretos fluidos con resistencias superiores a lo normal. En la presente tesis de investigación se tiene como objetivo principal el determinar la influencia que presenta el adicionar aditivo EUCON 1037 en un concreto de f’c = 350 Kg/cm2 con dosificaciones de 1.2%, 1.4% 1.7% de aditivo por peso de cemento; dosificaciones que se toman a partir de lo que indica la hoja técnica del aditivo cuyo uso es de (0.7% - 1.9% / Kg de cemento). Para ello se realizó la elaboración de especímenes de concreto a partir de una adecuada elaboración de diseños de mezcla, los mismos que fueron sometidos a ensayos a compresión uniaxial, siguiendo los procedimientos de las normas ASTM y NTP correspondientes. Estos diseños de mezcla se elaboraron con agregados de la cantera Acosta (Rio Chonta), que cumple con lo estipulado en las normas correspondientes y que cuyas características físicas serán determinadas en laboratorio, permitiendo la elaboración de los diseños de mezcla. Al finalizar con el trabajo de investigación se llegó a la conclusión que el aditivo EUCON 1037 aumenta considerablemente la resistencia a la compresión de concreto de f’c = 350 Kg/cm2, tal es así que para una dosificación de 1.7% de aditivo por peso de cemento, el aumento con respecto de la mezcla que no presenta ninguna adición es de 28.21% a edad de 7 días y 14.92% a edad de 28 días.Tesi

Effects of texture modification on the flavor of foods for elderly people with dysmasesis

The aroma and flavor of food before and during eating is a major determinant of the pleasure which drives us to eat. The aim of this study was to investigate how texture modification influences the aroma and flavor of two types of texture-modified teriyaki-based salmon foods (chopped salmon teriyaki and steamed salmon teriyaki-paste) as compared to original salmon teriyaki using gas chromatographyolfactometry and retronasal olfactometry analyses. The results indicated that the odor of soy sauce was weaker in the modified foods as compared to the original, with the past having even less odor than the chopped salmon teriyaki. The sensory evaluation corresponded with the gas chromatography results, and showed that odor was an important factor contributing to preference. Steamed salmon teriyaki-paste is suitable for elderly people with dysmasesis because it is easy to chew and swallow ; thus, optimal cooking conditions to improve its odor should be developed.研究ノー

Epidemiological Survey of Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration in Tottori Prefecture, Japan

Background: The prevalence of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) in Japan is unknown. An epidemiological survey study of FTLD was undertaken in Tottori Prefecture, a district in the western region of Japan. Methods: Hospitals in Tottori Prefecture were surveyed by a two-step questionnaire in 2010, and the prevalence of FTLD per 100,000 inhabitants was calculated using the actual number of patients and inhabitants in Tottori Prefecture on the prevalence day of October 1, 2010. Results: In this survey, 66 patients were diagnosed with FTLD. The subtypes of FTLD were as follows: 62 cases of frontotemporal dementia (FTD), 3 cases of progressive nonfluent aphasia, and 1 case of semantic dementia. Among the FTD cases, 5 cases were FTD with motor neuron disease and 1 case was FTD with parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17. The prevalence of FTD in the total population of Tottori Prefecture was 11.2 per 100,000 inhabitants. Based on these results, the prevalence of FTLD in Japan in 2008 was estimated to be 9.5 per 100,000 individuals. Conclusions: Our epidemiological survey results suggest that there are at least 12,000 FTLD patients in Japan, indicating that FTLD is not a rare disease

Stepwise Expansion of Pd Chains from Binuclear Palladium(I) Complexes Supported by Tetraphosphine Ligands

Reaction of [Pd₂(XylNC)₆]­X₂ (X = PF₆, BF₄) with a linear tetraphosphine, <i>meso</i>-bis­[(diphenylphosphinomethyl)­phenylphosphino]­methane (dpmppm), afforded binuclear Pd^I complexes, [Pd₂(μ-dpmppm)₂]­X₂ ([<b>2</b>]­X₂), through an asymmetric dipalladium complex, [Pd₂(μ-dpmppm)­(XylNC)₃]²⁺ ([<b>1</b>]²⁺). Complex [<b>2</b>]²⁺ readily reacted with [Pd⁰(dba)₂] (2 equiv) and an excess of isocyanide, RNC (R = 2,6-xylyl (Xyl), <i>tert</i>-butyl (^<i>t</i>Bu)), to generate an equilibrium mixture of [Pd₄(μ-dpmppm)₂(RNC)₂]²⁺ ([<b>3</b>′]²⁺) + RNC ⇄ [Pd₄(μ-dpmppm)₂(RNC)₃]²⁺ ([<b>3</b>]²⁺), from which [Pd₄(μ-dpmppm)₂(XylNC)₃]²⁺ ([<b>3a</b>]²⁺) and [Pd₄(μ-dpmppm)₂(^<i>t</i>BuNC)₂]²⁺ ([<b>3b</b>′]²⁺) were isolated. Variable-temperature UV–vis and ³¹P­{¹H} and ¹H NMR spectroscopic studies on the equilibrium mixtures demonstrated that the tetrapalladium complexes are quite fluxional in the solution state: the symmetric Pd₄ complex [<b>3b</b>′]²⁺ predominantly existed at higher temperatures (>0 °C), and the equilibrium shifted to the asymmetric Pd₄ complex [<b>3b</b>]²⁺ at a low temperature (∼−30 °C). The binding constants were determined by UV–vis titration at 20 °C and revealed that XylNC is of higher affinity to the Pd₄ core than ^<i>t</i>BuNC. In addition, both isocyanides exhibited higher affinity to the electron deficient [Pd₄(μ-dpmppmF₂)₂(RNC)₂]²⁺ ([<b>3F</b>′]²⁺) than to [Pd₄(μ-dpmppm)₂(RNC)₂]²⁺ ([<b>3</b>′]²⁺) (dpmppmF₂ = <i>meso</i>-bis­[{di­(3,5-difluorophenyl)­phosphinomethyl}­phenylphosphino]­methane). When [<b>2</b>]­X₂ was treated with [Pd⁰(dba)₂] (2 equiv) in the absence of RNC in acetonitrile, linearly ordered octapalladium chains, [Pd₈(μ-dpmppm)₄(CH₃CN)₂]­X₄ ([<b>4</b>]­X₄: X = PF₆, BF₄), were generated through a coupling of two {Pd₄(μ-dpmppm)₂}²⁺ fragments. Complex [<b>2</b>]²⁺ was also proven to be a good precursor for Pd₂M₂ mixed-metal complexes, yielding [Pd₂Cl­(Cp*MCl) (Cp*MCl₂)­(μ-dpmppm)₂]²⁺ (M = Rh ([<b>5</b>]²⁺), Ir ([<b>6</b>]²⁺), and [Au₂Pd₂Cl₂(dpmppm–H)₂]²⁺ ([<b>7</b>]²⁺) by treatment with [Cp*MCl₂]₂ and [AuCl­(PPh₃)], respectively. Complex [<b>7</b>]²⁺ contains an unprecedented PC­(sp³)P pincer ligand with a PCPCPCP backbone, dpmppm–H of deprotonated dpmppm. The present results demonstrated that the binuclear Pd^I complex [<b>2</b>]²⁺ was a quite useful starting material to extend the palladium chains and to construct Pd-involved heteromultinuclear systems

Stepwise Expansion of Pd Chains from Binuclear Palladium(I) Complexes Supported by Tetraphosphine Ligands

Reaction of [Pd₂(XylNC)₆]­X₂ (X = PF₆, BF₄) with a linear tetraphosphine, <i>meso</i>-bis­[(diphenylphosphinomethyl)­phenylphosphino]­methane (dpmppm), afforded binuclear Pd^I complexes, [Pd₂(μ-dpmppm)₂]­X₂ ([<b>2</b>]­X₂), through an asymmetric dipalladium complex, [Pd₂(μ-dpmppm)­(XylNC)₃]²⁺ ([<b>1</b>]²⁺). Complex [<b>2</b>]²⁺ readily reacted with [Pd⁰(dba)₂] (2 equiv) and an excess of isocyanide, RNC (R = 2,6-xylyl (Xyl), <i>tert</i>-butyl (^<i>t</i>Bu)), to generate an equilibrium mixture of [Pd₄(μ-dpmppm)₂(RNC)₂]²⁺ ([<b>3</b>′]²⁺) + RNC ⇄ [Pd₄(μ-dpmppm)₂(RNC)₃]²⁺ ([<b>3</b>]²⁺), from which [Pd₄(μ-dpmppm)₂(XylNC)₃]²⁺ ([<b>3a</b>]²⁺) and [Pd₄(μ-dpmppm)₂(^<i>t</i>BuNC)₂]²⁺ ([<b>3b</b>′]²⁺) were isolated. Variable-temperature UV–vis and ³¹P­{¹H} and ¹H NMR spectroscopic studies on the equilibrium mixtures demonstrated that the tetrapalladium complexes are quite fluxional in the solution state: the symmetric Pd₄ complex [<b>3b</b>′]²⁺ predominantly existed at higher temperatures (>0 °C), and the equilibrium shifted to the asymmetric Pd₄ complex [<b>3b</b>]²⁺ at a low temperature (∼−30 °C). The binding constants were determined by UV–vis titration at 20 °C and revealed that XylNC is of higher affinity to the Pd₄ core than ^<i>t</i>BuNC. In addition, both isocyanides exhibited higher affinity to the electron deficient [Pd₄(μ-dpmppmF₂)₂(RNC)₂]²⁺ ([<b>3F</b>′]²⁺) than to [Pd₄(μ-dpmppm)₂(RNC)₂]²⁺ ([<b>3</b>′]²⁺) (dpmppmF₂ = <i>meso</i>-bis­[{di­(3,5-difluorophenyl)­phosphinomethyl}­phenylphosphino]­methane). When [<b>2</b>]­X₂ was treated with [Pd⁰(dba)₂] (2 equiv) in the absence of RNC in acetonitrile, linearly ordered octapalladium chains, [Pd₈(μ-dpmppm)₄(CH₃CN)₂]­X₄ ([<b>4</b>]­X₄: X = PF₆, BF₄), were generated through a coupling of two {Pd₄(μ-dpmppm)₂}²⁺ fragments. Complex [<b>2</b>]²⁺ was also proven to be a good precursor for Pd₂M₂ mixed-metal complexes, yielding [Pd₂Cl­(Cp*MCl) (Cp*MCl₂)­(μ-dpmppm)₂]²⁺ (M = Rh ([<b>5</b>]²⁺), Ir ([<b>6</b>]²⁺), and [Au₂Pd₂Cl₂(dpmppm–H)₂]²⁺ ([<b>7</b>]²⁺) by treatment with [Cp*MCl₂]₂ and [AuCl­(PPh₃)], respectively. Complex [<b>7</b>]²⁺ contains an unprecedented PC­(sp³)P pincer ligand with a PCPCPCP backbone, dpmppm–H of deprotonated dpmppm. The present results demonstrated that the binuclear Pd^I complex [<b>2</b>]²⁺ was a quite useful starting material to extend the palladium chains and to construct Pd-involved heteromultinuclear systems

Intracellular signaling entropy can be a biomarker for predicting the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

While the mortality rates for cervical cancer have been drastically reduced after the introduction of the Pap smear test, it still is one of the leading causes of death in women worldwide. Additionally, studies that appropriately evaluate the risk of developing cervical lesions are needed. Therefore, we investigated whether intracellular signaling entropy, which is measured with microarray data, could be useful for predicting the risks of developing cervical lesions. We used three datasets, GSE63514 (histology), GSE27678 (cytology) and GSE75132 (cytology, a prospective study). From the data in GSE63514, the entropy rate was significantly increased with disease progression (normal < cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, CIN < cancer) (Kruskal-Wallis test, p < 0.0001). From the data in GSE27678, similar results (normal < low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, LSILs < high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, HSILs ≤ cancer) were obtained (Kruskal-Wallis test, p < 0.001). From the data in GSE75132, the entropy rate tended to be higher in the HPV-persistent groups than the HPV-negative group. The group that was destined to progress to CIN 3 or higher had a tendency to have a higher entropy rate than the HPV16-positive without progression group. In conclusion, signaling entropy was suggested to be different for different lesion statuses and could be a useful biomarker for predicting the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

Measurement of the signaling entropy in GSE75132.

<p>The median of the entropy rate was higher in the HPV16-persistent (HPV16+) groups than the HPV-negative (HPV-) group. The group that was destined to progress to CIN3+, or the HPV16-persistent with progression group, tended to have a higher entropy rate than the HPV16-persistent without progression group.</p