KEANEKARAGAMAN DAN KELIMPAHAN MAKROZOOBENTHOS PADA EKOSISTEM MANGROVE DESA DARUBA PANTAI KABUPATEN PULAU MOROTAI

Ekosistem mangrove berperan sebagai habitat berbagai jenis satwa, salah satunya yaitu makrozoobenthos. Makrozoobenthos berperan sebagai konsumen primer dan ada pula yang berperan sebagai konsumen sekunder atau konsumen yang menempati tempat yang lebih tinggi. Pada umumnya, Makrozoobenthos merupakan makanan alami bagi berbagai satwa perairan yang berukuran besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kelimpahan makrozoobenthos dan menganalisis struktur komunitas makrozoobenthos di kawasan ekosistem mangrove Daruba Pantai. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan November sampai Desember 2019 yang berlokasi di kawasan Mangrove Desa Daruba Pantai. Pengambilan data menggunakan metode sampel kuadrat (Quadrat Sampling) dengan ukuran plot 1x1 m2. Metode analisis data menggunakan analisis indeks ekologi seperti kelimpahan individu, kelimpahan relatif, keanekaragaman jenis, keseragaman dan dominasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan kelimpahan individu makrozoobenthos tertinggi berada pada stasiun ke I yaitu 33,333 (Ind/m2) dan terendah berada di stasiun I dan II yaitu Polymesoda bengalensis 1,111 (Ind/m2). Sedangkan Kelimpahan Relatif tertinggi ada di stasiun II yaitu Episesarma (0,200 %) dan terendah ada di stasiun I dan II yaitu Polymesoda bengalensis (0,007 %). Hasil analisis indeks ekologi Keanekragaman (H’) stasiun I yaitu (2,146), stasiun II (2,158) dan stasiun III (2,131) termasuk dalam kategori sedang. Indeks Keseragaman (E) pada stasiun I berkisar (0,895), stasiun II (0,900), sedangkan pada stasiun III (0,925) termasuk dalam kategori tinggi. Indeks Dominasi pada stasiun I yaitu (0,132), stasiun II (0,132) dan pada stasiun III yaitu (0,130) termasuk dalam kategori rendah.THE DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE OF MACROZOOBENTHOS IN MANGROVE ECOSYSTEMS AT DARUBA VILLAGE COASTAL PULAU MOROTAI REGENCY. Mangrove ecosystems play a role as a habitat for various species of animals, one of which is macrozoobenthos. Macrozoobenthos acts as the primary consumer and some have a role as secondary consumers or consumers who occupy a higher place. In general, Macrozoobenthos is a natural food for a variety of large aquatic animals. This research aims to analyze the abundance of macrozoobenthos and analyze the structure of the macrozoos community in the area of the Daruba Coastal mangrove ecosystem. This research was conducted from November to December 2019 located in the Mangrove area of Daruba Pantai Village. Retrieval of data using the method of quadratic sampling (Quadrat Sampling) with a plot size of 1x1 m2. Data analysis methods use ecological index analysis such as individual abundance, relative abundance, species diversity, uniformity, and dominance. The results showed the highest abundance of macrozoobenthos individuals were at a station I which was 33,333 (Ind / m2) and the lowest was at stations I and II namely Polymesoda bengalensis 1.111 (Ind / m2). While the highest relative abundance in at station II, Episesarma (0.200%) and the lowest are at a station I and II, Polymesoda bengalensis (0.007%). The results of the analysis of the Ecological diversity index (H ') of Station I, namely (2,146), Station II (2,158) and Station III (2,131) are included in the medium category. The Uniformity Index (E) at a station I ranges (0.895), station II (0.900), while at station III (0.925) is included in the high category. The Domination Index at a station I (0.132), station II (0.132) and at station III (0.130) are in a low category

95-GT-370 CASCADE VORTICAL GUST RESPONSE INCLUDING STEADY LOADING EFFECTS

ABSTRACT A series of expieriments are performed to investigate the effect of steady loading and separated flow on the unsteady vortical gust response of both low and high solidity blade rows, including the effects of airfoil camber. This is accomplished utilizing a unique single stage turbomachine research facility in which the flow is not generated by the blading but rather by an additional fan. This provides the ability to quantify the steady or mean performance of the stator row over a range of steady loading levels both with and without unsteady flow effects. In particular, for a particular mean stator angle-of-attack, the steady and mean aerodynamic performance are determined in a steady flow and also in an unsteady flow generated by a rotor composed of perforated plates at the same mean operating condition. This enables the stator vane row dynamic stall conditions to be identified. The unsteady aerodynamic response of both symmetric and cambered stator vanes configured as low and high solidity stator vane rows is then investigated over a range of mean angle-of-attack values, including attached and separated flows with dynamic stall

Foscan® (mTHPC) photosensitized macrophage activation: enhancement of phagocytosis, nitric oxide release and tumour necrosis factor-α-mediated cytolytic activity

Photodynamic activation of macrophage-like cells contributes to an effective outcome of photodynamic therapy (PDT) treatment. The possibility for an enhancement of macrophage activity by photosensitization with meta-tetra(hydroxyphenyl)chlorin (mTHPC) (1 μg ml−1) was studied in U937, monocyte cell line differentiated into macrophages (U937Φ cells). Phagocytic activity of U937Φ cells was evaluated by flow-cytometry monitoring of ingestion of fluorescein-labelled Escherichia coli particles. Increase in irradiation fluence up to 3.45 mJ cm−2 (corresponding irradiation time 15 s) resulted in significant increase in fluorescence signal (145%), while at higher light fluences the signal lowered down to the untreated control values. A light energy-dependent production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) by photosensitized macrophages was further demonstrated using the L929 assay. The maximum TNF-α mediated cytolysis was observed at 28 mJ cm−2 and was 1.7-fold greater than that in control. In addition, we demonstrated a fluence-dependent increase in nitric oxide (NO) production by mTHPC-photosensitized macrophages. NO release increased gradually and reached a plateau after irradiation fluence of 6.9 mJ cm−2. Cytotoxicity measurements indicated that the observed manifestations of mTHPC-photosensitized macrophage activation took place under the sublethal light doses. The relevance of the present findings to clinical mTHPC-PDT is discussed. © 1999 Cancer Research Campaig

Development and international validation of custom-engineered and code-free deep-learning models for detection of plus disease in retinopathy of prematurity: a retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), a leading cause of childhood blindness, is diagnosed through interval screening by paediatric ophthalmologists. However, improved survival of premature neonates coupled with a scarcity of available experts has raised concerns about the sustainability of this approach. We aimed to develop bespoke and code-free deep learning-based classifiers for plus disease, a hallmark of ROP, in an ethnically diverse population in London, UK, and externally validate them in ethnically, geographically, and socioeconomically diverse populations in four countries and three continents. Code-free deep learning is not reliant on the availability of expertly trained data scientists, thus being of particular potential benefit for low resource health-care settings. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study used retinal images from 1370 neonates admitted to a neonatal unit at Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK, between 2008 and 2018. Images were acquired using a Retcam Version 2 device (Natus Medical, Pleasanton, CA, USA) on all babies who were either born at less than 32 weeks gestational age or had a birthweight of less than 1501 g. Each images was graded by two junior ophthalmologists with disagreements adjudicated by a senior paediatric ophthalmologist. Bespoke and code-free deep learning models (CFDL) were developed for the discrimination of healthy, pre-plus disease, and plus disease. Performance was assessed internally on 200 images with the majority vote of three senior paediatric ophthalmologists as the reference standard. External validation was on 338 retinal images from four separate datasets from the USA, Brazil, and Egypt with images derived from Retcam and the 3nethra neo device (Forus Health, Bengaluru, India). FINDINGS: Of the 7414 retinal images in the original dataset, 6141 images were used in the final development dataset. For the discrimination of healthy versus pre-plus or plus disease, the bespoke model had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0·986 (95% CI 0·973-0·996) and the CFDL model had an AUC of 0·989 (0·979-0·997) on the internal test set. Both models generalised well to external validation test sets acquired using the Retcam for discriminating healthy from pre-plus or plus disease (bespoke range was 0·975-1·000 and CFDL range was 0·969-0·995). The CFDL model was inferior to the bespoke model on discriminating pre-plus disease from healthy or plus disease in the USA dataset (CFDL 0·808 [95% CI 0·671-0·909, bespoke 0·942 [0·892-0·982]], p=0·0070). Performance also reduced when tested on the 3nethra neo imaging device (CFDL 0·865 [0·742-0·965] and bespoke 0·891 [0·783-0·977]). INTERPRETATION: Both bespoke and CFDL models conferred similar performance to senior paediatric ophthalmologists for discriminating healthy retinal images from ones with features of pre-plus or plus disease; however, CFDL models might generalise less well when considering minority classes. Care should be taken when testing on data acquired using alternative imaging devices from that used for the development dataset. Our study justifies further validation of plus disease classifiers in ROP screening and supports a potential role for code-free approaches to help prevent blindness in vulnerable neonates. FUNDING: National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre based at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and the University College London Institute of Ophthalmology. TRANSLATIONS: For the Portuguese and Arabic translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section

Using Management Objectives to Specify Management Information Systems - A Contribution to MIS Success

Data warehouse projects, today, are in an ambivalent situation. On the one hand, data warehouses are critical for a company’s success and various methodological and technological tools are sophisticatedly developed to implement them. On the other hand, a significant amount of data warehouse projects fails due to non-technical reasons such as insufficient management support or in-corporative employees. But management support and user participation can be increased dramatically with specification methods that are understandable to these user groups. This paper aims at overcoming possible non-technical failure reasons by introducing a user-adequate specification approach within the field of management information systems.\u

Effect of B7.1 Costimulation on T-Cell Based Immunity against TAP-Negative Cancer Can Be Facilitated by TAP1 Expression

Tumors deficient in expression of the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) usually fail to induce T-cell-mediated immunity and are resistant to T-cell lysis. However, we have found that introduction of the B7.1 gene into TAP-negative (TAP−) or TAP1-transfected (TAP1+) murine lung carcinoma CMT.64 cells can augment the capacity of the cells to induce a protective immune response against wild-type tumor cells. Differences in the strength of the protective immune responses were observed between TAP− and TAP1+ B7.1 expressing CMT.64 cells depending on the doses of γ-irradiated cell immunization. While mice immunized with either high or low dose of B7.1-expressing TAP1+ cells rejected TAP− tumors, only high dose immunization with B7.1-expressing TAP− cells resulted in tumor rejection. The induced protective immunity was T-cell dependent as demonstrated by dramatically reduced antitumor immunity in mice depleted of CD8 or CD4 cells. Augmentation of T-cell mediated immune response against TAP− tumor cells was also observed in a virally infected tumor cell system. When mice were immunized with a high dose of γ-irradiated CMT.64 cells infected with vaccinia viruses carrying B7.1 and/or TAP1 genes, we found that the cells co-expressing B7.1 and TAP1, but not those expressing B7.1 alone, induced protective immunity against CMT.64 cells. In addition, inoculation with live tumor cells transfected with several different gene(s) revealed that only B7.1- and TAP1-coexpressing tumor cells significantly decreased tumorigenicity. These results indicate that B7.1-provoked antitumor immunity against TAP− cancer is facilitated by TAP1-expression, and thus both genes should be considered for cancer therapy in the future

Potentiation of the anti-tumour effects of Photofrin®-based photodynamic therapy by localized treatment with G-CSF

Photofrin®-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) has recently been approved for palliative and curative purposes in cancer patients. It has been demonstrated that neutrophils are indispensable for its anti-tumour effectiveness. We decided to evaluate the extent of the anti-tumour effectiveness of PDT combined with administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) as well as the influence of Photofrin®and G-CSF on the myelopoiesis and functional activity of neutrophils in mice. An intensive treatment with G-CSF significantly potentiated anti-tumour effectiveness of Photofrin®-based PDT resulting in a reduction of tumour growth and prolongation of the survival time of mice bearing two different tumours: colon-26 and Lewis lung carcinoma. Moreover, 33% of C-26-bearing mice were completely cured of their tumours after combined therapy and developed a specific and long-lasting immunity. The tumours treated with both agents contained more infiltrating neutrophils and apoptotic cells then tumours treated with either G-CSF or PDT only. Importantly, simultaneous administration of Photofrin®and G-CSF stimulated bone marrow and spleen myelopoiesis that resulted in an increased number of neutrophils demonstrating functional characteristics of activation. Potentiated anti-tumour effects of Photofrin®-based PDT combined with G-CSF observed in two murine tumour models suggest that clinical trials using this tumour therapy protocol would be worth pursuing. © 2000 Cancer Research Campaig