Fretting behaviour of 316L stainless steel produced by powder injection moulding

The biocompatible metals made available for powder injection moulding (PIM) are increasing, and as a result, the PIM process is becoming attractive for manufacturers of medical implants and surgical instruments. In addition, friction and wear properties play an important role in biomaterial applications. This study aimed to systematically investigate the fretting wear properties of 316L stainless steel parts produced by PIM under dry contact conditions. The fretting experiments were performed under gross – slip regime. The influence of a number of fretting test parameters on the friction and wear behaviour was investigated, as the contact frequency, the normal load, and number of reciprocating sliding cycles. Fretting tests were performed against corundum counter bodies. After the tests, the wear scars were examined by laser surface profilometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-Ray microanalysis. The results indicate that wear occurred predominantly by abrasion, plastic deformation, and cracking.status: publishe

Zaprinast and avanafil increase the vascular endothelial growth factor, vitamin D(3), bone morphogenic proteins 4 and 7 levels in the kidney tissue of male rats applied the glucocorticoid

PMID = 3242139

Competitive advantages and risk management: capitalizing on the economic benefits of sustainability

Climate change and ecological degradation are two of the many pressing global issues that make sustainability pertinent to all stakeholders, including shareholders. Such issues are relevant to companies across all industries and sectors and are increasingly pressuring managers to consider how their organizations can utilize resources effectively while minimizing impact on the environment. It is critical to consider the underlying relationship between business and the environment: companies ultimately operate within the natural environment and are dependent upon it for the resources they use. A narrow focus on short-term economic interests without consideration for environmental impacts ignores the overarching system in which the planet supports business; without resources from which to make products there are no products to sell and, consequently, no profits