DHX15-independent roles for TFIP11 in U6 snRNA modification, U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP assembly and pre-mRNA splicing fidelity

International audienceThe U6 snRNA, the core catalytic component of the spliceosome, is extensively modified post-transcriptionally, with 2’-O-methylation being most common. However, how U6 2’-O-methylation is regulated remains largely unknown. Here we report that TFIP11, the human homolog of the yeast spliceosome disassembly factor Ntr1, localizes to nucleoli and Cajal Bodies and is essential for the 2’-O-methylation of U6. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that TFIP11 knockdown reduces the association of U6 snRNA with fibrillarin and associated snoRNAs, therefore altering U6 2′-O-methylation. We show U6 snRNA hypomethylation is associated with changes in assembly of the U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP leading to defects in spliceosome assembly and alterations in splicing fidelity. Strikingly, this function of TFIP11 is independent of the RNA helicase DHX15, its known partner in yeast. In sum, our study demonstrates an unrecognized function for TFIP11 in U6 snRNP modification and U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP assembly, identifying TFIP11 as a critical spliceosome assembly regulator

Promoting innovation in the seed market and biodiversity: the role of IPRs and commercialization rules

International audienc

The private value of plant variety protection and the impact of exemption rules

International audienc

Promoting innovation in the seed market and biodiversity: the role of IPRs and commercialization rules

International audienc

The private value of plant variety protection and the impact of exemption rules

International audienc

Description des modalités de diagnostic et de dépistage du cancer colorectal au sein des hôpitaux militaires parisiens

LE KREMLIN-B.- PARIS 11-BU Méd (940432101) / SudocPARIS-Bib. Serv.Santé Armées (751055204) / SudocSudocFranceF

Promoting innovation in the seed market and biodiversity: the role of IPRs and commercialization rules

International audienc

Innovation on the seed market : the role of IPRs and commercialisation rules

This article deals with the impact of legislation in the seed sector on incentives for variety creation. The first category of rules consists in intellectual property rights and is intended to address a problem of sequential innovation and R&D investments. The second category concerns commercial rules that are intended to correct a problem of adverse selection. We propose a dynamic model of market equilibrium with vertical product differentiation that enables us to take into account the economic consequences of imposing either Plant Breeders' Rights (PBRs) or patents as IPRs and either compulsory registration or minimum standards as commercialisation rules. The main result is that the combination of minimum standards and PBRs (patents) provides higher incentives for sequential and initial innovation and may be preferred by a public regulator when sunk investment costs are low (high) and the probability of R&D success is sufficiently high (low).Cet article porte sur l'impact de la législation dans le secteur semencier, en particulier sur les incitations à la création variétale. La première catégorie de règles consiste en des droits de propriété intellectuelle et est présente pour corriger des problèmes d'incitation à innover. La seconde catégorie concerne des règles de commercialisation dans le but de remédier à un problème de sélection adverse. Nous proposons un modèle dynamique d'équilibre de marché avec une différenciation verticale des produits. Ceci nous permet de prendre en compte les conséquences économiques de l'utilisation d'un Certificat d'Obtention Végétale (COV) ou un brevet comme DPI et d'un catalogue ou des standards minimum comme règle de commercialisation. Le résultat principal est que la combinaison des standards minimum et des COV (brevet) apporte une plus grande incitation à la fois pour une innovation initiale ou séquentielle et peut être préférée par les autorités publiques quand les coûts de R&D sont bas (haut) et que la probabilité de succès est suffisamment haute (basse)

Promoting innovation in the seed market and biodiversity: the role of IPRs and commercialization rules

International audienc

Promoting innovation in the seed market and biodiversity: the role of IPRs and commercialization rules

International audienc