42 research outputs found
Constituent quark models and pentaquark baryons
We discuss certain general features of the pentaquark picture for the theta,
its 10bar_F partner, Xi_{3/2}, and possible heavy quark analogues. Models
employing spin-dependent interactions based on either effective Goldstone boson
exchange or effective color magnetic exchange are also used to shed light on
possible corrections to the Jaffe-Wilczek and Karliner-Lipkin scenarios. Some
model-dependent features of the pentaquark picture (splitting patterns and
relative decay couplings) are also discussed in the context of these models.Comment: 4 pages. Prepared for the Proceedings of the 1st APS Topical Group on
Hadronic Physics (GHP) meeting, FNAL, Oct. 24-26, 200
Baryonic Effect on chi_cJ Suppression in Au+Au Collisions at RHIC Energies
We predict that initially produced chi_cJ mesons at low transverse momentum
in the central rapidity region are almost dissociated by nucleons and
antinucleons in hadronic matter produced in central Au+Au collisions at RHIC
energies sqrt {s_{NN}}= 130 and 200 GeV. In calculations the nucleon and
antinucleon distributions in hadronic matter are results of evolution from
their freeze-out distributions which well fit the experimental p_T spectra of
proton and antiproton. Any measured chi_cJ mesons at low p_T are generated from
deconfined matter and give an explicit proof of regeneration mechanism
(recombination mechanism).Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, Latex, a discussion added to the referenc
Scintillation counter with MRS APD light readout
START, a high-efficiency and low-noise scintillation detector for ionizing
particles, was developed for the purpose of creating a high-granular system for
triggering cosmic muons. Scintillation light in START is detected by MRS APDs
(Avalanche Photo-Diodes with Metal-Resistance-Semiconductor structure),
operated in the Geiger mode, which have 1 mm^2 sensitive areas. START is
assembled from a 15 x 15 x 1 cm^3 scintillating plastic plate, two MRS APDs and
two pieces of wavelength-shifting optical fiber stacked in circular coils
inside the plastic. The front-end electronic card is mounted directly on the
detector. Tests with START have confirmed its operational consistency, over 99%
efficiency of MIP registration and good homogeneity. START demonstrates a low
intrinsic noise of about 10^{-2} Hz. If these detectors are to be
mass-produced, the cost of a mosaic array of STARTs is estimated at a moderate
level of 2-3 kUSD/m^2.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure
Sensitivity of LHC experiments to exotic highly ionising particles
The experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are able to discover or
set limits on the production of exotic particles with TeV-scale masses
possessing values of electric and/or magnetic charge such that they behave as
highly ionising particles (HIPs). In this paper the sensitivity of the LHC
experiments to HIP production is discussed in detail. It is shown that a number
of different detection methods are required to investigate as fully as possible
the charge-mass range. These include direct detection as the HIPs pass through
either passive or active detectors and, in the case of magnetically charged
objects, the so-called induction method with which magnetic monopoles which
stop in accelerator and detector material could be observed. The benefit of
using complementary approaches to HIP detection is discussed.Comment: 20 pages, 52 figure
Working Group Report on the Structure of the Proton
We summarize the developments on the structure of the proton that were
studied at the Workshop on "HERA Physics" that was held in Durham in September
1995. We survey the latest structure function data; we overview the QCD
interpretations of the measurements of the structure functions and of final
state processes; we discuss charm production and the spin properties of the
proton.Comment: 45 pages, latex file using epsfig and ioplppt macros. Figures
included, but full resolution figure files and postscript file of the whole
paper are available via anonymous ftp at
ftp://cpt1.dur.ac.uk/pub/preprints/dtp96/dtp962
The QCD transition temperature: results with physical masses in the continuum limit II.
We extend our previous study [Phys. Lett. B643 (2006) 46] of the cross-over
temperatures (T_c) of QCD. We improve our zero temperature analysis by using
physical quark masses and finer lattices. In addition to the kaon decay
constant used for scale setting we determine four quantities (masses of the
\Omega baryon, K^*(892) and \phi(1020) mesons and the pion decay constant)
which are found to agree with experiment. This implies that --independently of
which of these quantities is used to set the overall scale-- the same results
are obtained within a few percent. At finite temperature we use finer lattices
down to a <= 0.1 fm (N_t=12 and N_t=16 at one point). Our new results confirm
completely our previous findings. We compare the results with those of the
'hotQCD' collaboration.Comment: 19 pages, 8 figures, 3 table
Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol
High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries(1,2). However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world(3) and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health(4,5). However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol-which is a marker of cardiovascular riskchanged from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million-4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world.Peer reviewe
Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)
From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions