Desempenho per se e parâmetros genéticos de linhagens de trigo com expressão do caráter "stay‑green"

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o desempenho per se e os parâmetros genéticos de caracteres de interesse, em linhagens de trigo que expressam ou não o caráter "stay‑green". O experimento foi conduzido em 2003, 2004 e 2005, em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições. Foram avaliadas 32 linhagens irmãs de trigo, 15 com e 17 sem o caráter "stay‑green". As linhagens portadoras desse caráter apresentaram maior produtividade de grãos, maior número de grãos por espiga e menor massa de mil grãos. Além disso, as herdabilidades da produtividade e da massa de grãos foram maiores nessas linhagens, o que revelou menor influência de variações ambientais sobre a expressão desses caracteres. O caráter "stay‑green" contribui para o aumento da produtividade e da estabilidade produtiva do trigo

Kinetic parameters of ruminai degradation of Marandu grass silage supplemented with brewer’s grain

This study measured the kinetic parameters of the ruminal degradation of the silage of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu. The experiment had a completely randomized design with five treatments and five repetitions; the treatments featured the inclusión of natural brewer’s grain to Marandu grass silage at levels of 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40%. The regression equation for the degradability of the soluble Fraction A of dry matter showed a linearly increasing pattern (P<0.05) with an addition of 0.19% for each 1% of brewer’s grain included. The percentage of insoluble potentially degradable fraction (B) of dry matter was reduced linearly (P<0.05). The ruminal degradation rate in the dry matter (c), expressed as % h-1, increased linearly (P<0.05). The crude protein percentage in the Fraction B demonstrated a linear regression pattern as brewer’s grains were added (P<0.05), and there was a 0.06% reduction per unit of additive to Marandu grass silage. There was a linear increase in degradation rate c in the crude protein (P<0.05) as the additive was included in the silage. A linear increase (P<0.05) was observed for the regression of the potentially degradable fraction of NDF, represented by Fraction D. The inclusion of 20% of brewer’s grain to Marandu grass silage resulted in an improvement in the kinetic parameters of ruminal degradation.Este estudio tuvo como objetivo medir los parámetros cinéticos de la degradación ruminal de ensilaje de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu. El experimento se realizó en un diseño completamente al azar con cinco tratamientos y cinco repeticiones, los tratamientos se incluyen granos de cervecería a Marandu ensilado de hierba a niveles de 0, 10, 20, 30 y 40%. Observando la ecuación de regresión de la degradabilidad la Fracción soluble A de la materia seca, había una creciente comportamiento lineal (P<0,05), un aumento de 0,19 unidades porcentuales con la adición de 1% de la fábrica de cerveza en grano ensilado Marandu. El porcentaje de la fracción insoluble potencialmente degradable (B) de la materia seca reducida linealmente (P<0,05). La tasa de degradación ruminal (c), expresada en % h-1 el aumento linealmente (P<0,05). El porcentaje de proteína cruda en la fracción B demuestra un patrón de regresión lineal con la adición de granos de cerveza (P<0,05), hubo una reducción de 0,06% por unidad de aditivo incluido en Marandu ensilado de hierba. Para C velocidad de degradación de proteína cruda, una respuesta lineal (P<0,05), debido a la inclusión de niveles de aditivos en el ensilaje. Hubo aumento lineal (P<0,05) de la ecuación de regresión de potencialmente degradable NDF, representado por la fracción D. La inclusión de 20% de grano de cerveza a Marandu ensilado de hierba resultó en una mejora de los parámetros cinéticos de la degradación ruminal

Carbohydrate and protein fractioning of grass silages with added dehydrated brewery residue

This study aimed to measure the carbohydrate and protein fractioning of silage of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu (BBS). The experiment was a completely randomized design with five treatments and five repetitions to evaluate the inclusion of dehydrated brewery residue (DBR) to Marandu grass silage at levels of 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% fresh matter basis. The DBR inclusion resulted in a linear reduction (P<0.05) of total carbohydrate content, which decreased 0.35% per unit of residue added. The content of fraction B2 decreased linearly as DBR was added (P<0.05). Nitrogen content increased linearly when residue was added to silage of Marandu grass (P<005). Fraction A, obtained from Marandu grass, presented a linear increasing behavior according to the inclusion of DBR. This inclusion promoted a linear decrease (P<0.05) of fraction B1+B2, which resulted in a 0.37% reduction for each 1% of byproduct added. Dehydrated brewery residue is a good source of additives for ensiling Marandu grass, by considerably improving fractions of proteins and carbohydrates. The level of addition of 40% is recommended for providing better nutritional value to silage.Este estudio tuvo como objetivo medir el fraccionamiento de carbohidratos y proteínas del ensilaje de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu (BBS). El experimento fue un diseño completamente al azar con cinco tratamientos y cinco repeticiones para evaluar la inclusión de residuos de cervezas deshidratadas (DBR) en ensilaje de hierba Marandu en niveles de 0, 10, 20, 30 y 40% de materia fresca. La inclusión de DBR resultó en una reducción lineal (P <0.05) del contenido total de carbohidratos, que disminuyó 0.35% por unidad de residuo agregado. El contenido de la fracción B2 disminuyó linealmente a medida que se agregaba DBR (P<0.05). El contenido de nitrógeno aumentó linealmente cuando se añadió residuo al ensilaje del pasto Marandu (P <005). La fracción A, obtenida del pasto Marandu, presentó un comportamiento de aumento lineal de acuerdo con la inclusión de DBR. Esta inclusión promovió una disminución lineal (P<0.05) de la fracción B1 + B2, que resultó en una reducción de 0.37% por cada 1% de subproducto agregado. Los residuos de cervecería deshidratada son una buena fuente de aditivos para ensilar el pasto Marandu, mejorando considerablemente las fracciones de proteínas y carbohidratos. Se recomienda un nivel de adición del 40% para proporcionar un mejor valor nutritivo al ensilaje

Monitoring of Peripheral Blood Leukocytes and Plasma Samples: A Pilot Study to Examine Treatment Response to Leflunomide in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a painful inflammatory disease of the joints which affects a considerable proportion of the world population, mostly women. If not adequately treated, RA patients can become permanently disabled. Importantly, not all the patients respond to the available anti-rheumatic therapies, which also present diverse side effects. In this context, monitoring of treatment response is pivotal to avoid unnecessary side effects and costs towards an ineffective therapy. Herein, we performed a pilot study to investigate the potential use of flow cytometry and attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy as measures to identify responders and non-responders to leflunomide, a disease-modifying drug used in the treatment of RA patients. The evaluation of peripheral blood CD62L+ polymorphonuclear cell numbers and ATR-FTIR vibrational modes in plasma were able to discriminate responders to leflunomide (LFN) three-months after therapy has started. Overall, the results indicate that both flow cytometry and ATR-FTIR can potentially be employed as additional measures to monitor early treatment response to LFN in RA patients