Classification of the Major Soils of Hungary and their Correlation with the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB)

The prefatory matter includes: List of the Academy officers and trustees, editorial staff and board, subscription information, issue cover page, the table of contents, Statement of Policy, Guide for Submitting Manuscripts, Complementary Copies and Reprints, 1997 Submission Invoice, Application for 1997 Membership

Portrait of a Pathogen: The Mycobacterium tuberculosis Proteome In Vivo

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), is a facultative intracellular pathogen that can persist within the host. The bacteria are thought to be in a state of reduced replication and metabolism as part of the chronic lung infection. Many in vitro studies have dissected the hypothesized environment within the infected lung, defining the bacterial response to pH, starvation and hypoxia. While these experiments have afforded great insight, the picture remains incomplete. The only way to study the combined effects of these environmental factors and the mycobacterial response is to study the bacterial response in vivo.We used the guinea pig model of tuberculosis to examine the bacterial proteome during the early and chronic stages of disease. Lungs were harvested thirty and ninety days after aerosol challenge with Mtb, and analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. To date, in vivo proteomics of the tubercle bacillus has not been described and this work has generated the first large-scale shotgun proteomic data set, comprising over 500 unique protein identifications. Cell wall and cell wall processes, and intermediary metabolism and respiration were the two major functional classes of proteins represented in the infected lung. These classes of proteins displayed the greatest heterogeneity indicating important biological processes for establishment of a productive bacterial infection and its persistence. Proteins necessary for adaptation throughout infection, such as nitrate/nitrite reduction were found at both time points. The PE-PPE protein class, while not well characterized, represented the third most abundant category and showed the most consistent expression during the infection.Cumulatively, the results of this work may provide the basis for rational drug design - identifying numerous Mtb proteins, from essential kinases to products involved in metal regulation and cell wall remodeling, all present throughout the course of infection

The Hungarian Magnetic Network and the Processing of the Obtained Data

In 1994-95 a geomagnetic survey was carried out on the territory of Hungary and the neighbouring regions on 195 stations. Magnetic declination, inclination and total field were directly observed. Some of the stations were measured jointly with Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica (ING), Roma. The results were reduced to the epoch of 1995.0. Normal fields for the magnetic components were determined as second order functions of the geographic coordinates. The polynomial coefficients have been computed in three different waves: by means of simple and weighted least squares procedure and using the adjustment according to "most frequent value". In the present paper the mathematical foundation of these methods and the comparison between the obtained results will be presented

The Hungarian Magnetic Network and the Processing of the Obtained Data

In 1994-95 a geomagnetic survey was carried out on the territory of Hungary and the neighbouring regions on 195 stations. Magnetic declination, inclination and total field were directly observed. Some of the stations were measured jointly with Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica (ING), Roma. The results were reduced to the epoch of 1995.0. Normal fields for the magnetic components were determined as second order functions of the geographic coordinates. The polynomial coefficients have been computed in three different waves: by means of simple and weighted least squares procedure and using the adjustment according to "most frequent value". In the present paper the mathematical foundation of these methods and the comparison between the obtained results will be presented.Published439-443JCR Journalreserve

Mycobacterium tuberculosis ellenes hatoanyagok fejlesztese es szerkezet-hatas osszefuggeseinek vizsgalata.

Tuberculosis is considered to be one of the major health problem not only in the less developed countries but in the economically developed countries as well. Roughly one third of the world's population are infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and a significant part of them are carriers of latent tuberculosis. From ten percent of these latent infections are developing the active TB disease and fifty percent of them die from the illness without appropriate treatment. The drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB, XDR-TB) and TB-HIV co-infection attracted attention to the most serious infectious disease. Inhibition of alternative signaling pathways were an important part of the research strategies for cancer and inflammatory diseases in recent years. In case of Mycobacterium tuberculosis such pathways were also identified, for example, three serine-threonine kinases (PknA, PknB, PknG) which are necessary and essential for bacterial growth. In this paper we summarize our best anti-TB active compounds, their biological effects and structure-activity relationships using in silico modeling, biochemical measurements and tests on active bacteria