On the Coping with the Conflict between the Two Co-facilitators in the Encounter Group : Exploratory Research

On the Coping with the Conflict between the Co-facilitators in the Encounter Group The purpose of this study is to describe the coping with the conflict between the two co-facilitators in the encounter group. A questionnaire was administered to 64 encounter group facilitators. The questionnaire asks the subjects to describe their coping with the conflict between the two co-facilitators in two encounter groups; good relation group and bad one. By the explolatory research method (Hayashi 1987), I find that the coping with the conflict between the two co-facilitators in the encounter group was influenced by 4 factors; the accordance of the view of facilitator, the existing trust relationship, equal relationship, the independence as a facilitators. 10 typical case patterns were explored as the new assumptions about the coping with the conflict between the two co-facilitators in the encounter group

Mapping the Ethical Issues of Brain Organoid Research and Application

脳オルガノイドの研究と臨床応用での倫理問題を体系化. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2021-04-07.Society is not ready to make human brains. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2021-03-26.In 2008, researchers created human three-dimensional neural tissue – known as the pioneering work of “brain organoids.” In recent years, some researchers have transplanted human brain organoids into animal brains for applicational purposes. With these experiments have come many ethical concerns. It is thus an urgent task to clarify what is ethically permissible and impermissible in brain organoid research. This paper seeks (1) to sort out the ethical issues related to brain organoid research and application and (2) to propose future directions for additional ethical consideration and policy debates in the field. Toward (1), this paper first outlines the current state of brain organoid research, and then briefly responds to previously raised related ethical concerns. Looking next at anticipated scientific developments in brain organoid research, we will discuss (i) ethical issues related to in vitro brain organoids, (ii) ethical issues raised when brain organoids form complexes or have relationships with other entities, and (iii) ethical issues of research ethics and governance. Finally, in pursuit of (2), we propose research policies that are mindful of the ethics of brain organoid research and application and also suggest the need for an international framework for research and application of brain organoids

Motivation and Media Used by Tourist When Visiting Sightseeing After Pandemic Covid-19 in Indonesia and Japan

Sightseeing are places that have the attractiveness of an area, and this makes them a place that is visited by many tourists. However, several conditions make sightseeing unknown and rarely visited by tourists, which is the main problem in this study. Through this research, we will find out the motivation of tourists to travel, the media used by tourists to get information, and the attraction of sightseeing that can attract tourists to visit. This research uses survey methods and interviews with tourists to find out the phenomenon directly when tourists visit tourist attractions in Japan and Indonesia. Japan and Indonesia became the object of research because they were affected by the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic in their tourist fields. There will also be further analysis of the problems faced by the two countries. Then the results of the data obtained will be analyzed descriptively, and a solution to the problem is sought. Analyzing the results of this study, we found the phenomenon that the way of getting tourist information varies by age. The younger generation uses SNS, while the older generation often uses introductions from acquaintances and maps. It was also found that Japanese people’s motivation for traveling is often to find a place to visit or to have an extraordinary experience. At the same time, Indonesians are often motivated by the desire to refresh themselves

Ran-GTP Is Non-essential to Activate NuMA for Mitotic Spindle-Pole Focusing but Dynamically Polarizes HURP Near Chromosomes

Spindle assembly is spatially regulated by a chromosome-derived Ran- GTP gradient. Previous work proposed that Ran-GTP activates spindle assembly factors (SAFs) around chromosomes by dissociating inhibitory importins from SAFs. However, it is unclear whether the Ran-GTP gradient equivalently activates SAFs that localize at distinct spindle regions. In addition, Ran\u27s dual functions in interphase nucleocytoplasmic transport and mitotic spindle assembly have made it difficult to assess its mitotic roles in somatic cells. Here, using auxin-inducible degron technology in human cells, we developed acute mitotic depletion assays to dissect Ran\u27s mitotic roles systematically and separately from its interphase function. In contrast to the prevailing model, we found that the Ran pathway is not essential for spindle assembly activities that occur at sites spatially separated from chromosomes, including activating NuMA for spindle-pole focusing or for targeting TPX2. On the other hand, Ran-GTP is required to localize HURP and HSET specifically at chromosome-proximal regions to set proper spindle length during prometaphase. We demonstrated that Ran-GTP and importin-beta coordinately promote HURP\u27s dynamic microtubule binding-dissociation cycle, which maintains HURP near chromosomes during metaphase. Together, we propose that the Ran pathway acts on spindle assembly independently of its interphase functions in mitotic human cells but does not equivalently regulate all Ran-regulated SAFs. Ran-dependent spindle assembly is likely coupled with additional parallel pathways that activate SAFs distantly located from the chromosomes