Social influence on preference in situations with different levels of importance

One’s preferences are influenced by another individual’s preferences. The trustworthiness of those individuals can modulate changes in our preferences. Previous studies have examined this social influence in a single situation (e.g., the preference ratings for a T-shirt). Although it is possible that social influence on preference is affected by the importance of the situation, that remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we examined the influence of other individual’s preferences on individual preferences in various important situations. We tested two hypotheses: 1) situations of low importance are more likely to induce one’s own preference than situations of medium and high importance, 2) the influence of a trustworthy individual is larger than that of an untrustworthy individual in situations of low importance, while no difference is found in situations of medium and high importance. Forty-seven participants conducted a two times preference rating task in six situations (two situations for each of the three levels of importance). Preferences for individual characteristics (trustworthy or untrustworthy person) were also presented in the first preference rating task. The results showed that situations of high importance induced a bigger change in preference than situations of low and medium importance. On the other hand, no significant difference in preference change was found between the influence of trustworthy and untrustworthy individuals in each of the three important situations. These results imply that the influence of another individual's preferences on one’s preferences is different in various life situations.本研究は，科学研究費補助金（18K03177）の助成を受けて実施した

Evaluation of freshness of lettuce using multi-spectroscopic sensing and machine learning

We aimed to develop a method to evaluate lettuce freshness changes during storage using only the surface color. In the first experiment, the surface color of one lettuce were measured continuously for 6 days. At the same time, moisture contents, elemental composition and organic matter of lettuce leaves were measured by oven drying method, X-ray fluorescent analysis and Mid-infrared spectroscopy, respectively. Considering a combination of the surface color and moisture and elemental contents, it was found that there were several color change points before and after the time when the moisture contents and elemental balances in the lettuce changed. These results represented that the surface color could relate to the internal quality. Additionally, it is suggested that freshness of lettuce could be quantified and predicted using surface color information.Furthermore, the data set and the method for freshness evaluation leading to machine learning were studied in the second experiment for the freshness judgement. In this experiment, 15 multispectral sensing data including lettuce color information were acquired, and the quality change point was determined using machine learning such as K-means and decision tree

Magnetic resonance imaging and symptoms in patients with neurosarcoidosis and central diabetes insipidus

Introduction: In the clinical setting, the diagnosis of neurosarcoidosis in patients with central diabetes insipidus (CDI) is typically based both on symptoms (i.e. polydipsia or polyuria) and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings (e.g. pituitary abnormality). However, inconsistent changes in the patient’s symptoms and brain MRI findings may occur during the clinical course of the disease. This review was performed to summarise the relationship between symptoms and brain MRI findings in previously reported cases of neurosarcoidosis with CDI. Material and methods: Case studies of patients diagnosed with neurosarcoidosis with CDI were collected via a PubMed search of studies published through 30 June 2018. Results: Thirteen eligible studies were reviewed (20 patients; 12 men, 8 women; mean age 33 years). Polydipsia or polyuria was the first symptom in 13 patients. The mean duration from disease onset to diagnosis was 3.4 months. Brain MRIs showed abnormal findings in the hypothalamus and pituitary for 17 patients. Immunosuppressive drugs were used in 17 patients. For 14 patients, MRI findings improved, while symptoms did not. Conclusion: Patients with both neurosarcoidosis and CDI symptoms often do not improve, despite the fact that brain MRI findings often improve following treatment. More studies involving detailed pathological analyses and longer follow-up periods are necessary

Research integrity in Instructions for Authors in Japanese medical journals using ICMJE Recommendations: A descriptive literature study

Koizumi Shiho, Ide Kazuki, Becker Carl, et al. Research integrity in Instructions for Authors in Japanese medical journals using ICMJE Recommendations: A descriptive literature study. PLOS ONE 19, e0305707 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0305707

オルタナティブスクール ノ ゲンジョウ ト カダイ ゼンコク レベル ノ シツモンシ チョウサ ニ モトヅク ブンセキ カラ

学校教育法第一条で定める学校以外にも、多様な学びの場（以下「オルタナティブスクール」という）が存在することが、個々のオルタナティブスクールを対象とした質的調査から明らかになっている。しかし他方で、その全体像をとらえた量的調査は、菊地・永田（2000、2001）のみであり、それ以降行われていない。そのため、本稿ではオルタナティブスクールの全体を概観し、オルタナティブスクールの下位分類ごとの特徴について明らかにするために、全国のオルタナティブスクールに対する質問紙調査を行った。今回の調査から、（1）オルタナティブスクールは、社会を揺るがすような出来事や価値観の変動を受けて設立数が増加する傾向にあること、（2）オルタナティブスクールの半数程度が法制度上の位置づけを望んでいる一方、2 割あまりが法制度上に位置づけられることを望んでいないこと、（3）オルタナティブスクールの活動実態は一様ではなく、下位分類ごとにみると多様な特徴を有していること、の3 点が明らかになった。今後は、利用者に応じた多様な教育実践を柔軟に保障できる制度をいかに設計していくかが課題であるといえる。Recent qualitative research conducted in Japan has revealed that there are a variety of different kinds of alternative schools that stand outside the current legal educational system. On the other hand, quantitative research on alternative schools in Japan has not been conducted since the studies by Kikuchi and Nagata (2000, 2001). The purpose of this paper is, therefore, to provide a comprehensive survey of alternative schools in Japan in order to clarify their characteristics, based on a nationwide quantitative study of such schools. The findings of the study are as follows: (1) Alternative schools in Japan tend to increase in number under the impact of changes in social values associated with major events such as great earthquakes. (2) Half of the alternative schools in Japan prefer to be governed by current or new laws, while twenty percent of such schools do not wish to be governed by such laws. (3) It is possible to divide alternative schools in Japan into different kinds of groups that share common characteristics. Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that a flexible educational system be designed that will be capable of offering various forms of alternative schooling in response to users’ different needs

地域性を活かしたコミュニティ再生の実践的研究/神戸市伊川谷の桜並木プロジェクトを通じて

神戸市西区伊川谷町は、太山寺をはじめ数多くの歴史的資源に恵まれた地域であるとともに、伊川という自然の恵みもある。また、都市と農村の両方の顔を持ち合わせ、それぞれの長所を生かしたまちづくりに取り組んでいく必要がある。しかし、最近は、犯罪の増加・空地・空き家・不法投棄等の問題が起こり、日本の現代の問題の縮図のようになっている。今後の社会情勢の変化も見据えながら総合的に伊川谷町全体の活性化を検討するため、住民、団体、企業等を主体とした、伊川谷の地域活性化を考える会の設置を行った。本研究では、地域の特性を生かして地域コミュニティの再生が行われるプロセスを実践的に構築することを目的とする。Ikawadani-cho,Nishi-ku, Kobe-city is also in the blessing called Ikawa of nature with the area where it was blessed with plenty of historical resources besides Taisanji temple in a mountain. Again, it is necessary to have two element of the city and farm village, and to be grappling to the MACHIDUKURI which revived each merit. It comes however, the problem of the increase,vacant ground, unoccupied house and illegal abandonment and others of crime to happen, so for recent days to be the epitome of Japanese today problem. Resident, group, company and others become a subject,the Ikawadani community meeting is set, in order toexamine the activation of Ikawadani whole synthetically while also the change in future society situations is staring fixedly.It does to construct the process which the revival of area community is done by the town making which revived the peculiarity type of area actually with the purpose

神戸研究学園都市における当初マスタープランと現状の比較考察

神戸研究学園都市は神戸市西区ある神戸市営地下鉄学園都市駅を中心に広がるニュータウンである。近畿圏・神戸都市圏における研究教育機能の核として、１）地域主義への指向、２）生涯教育への接近、３）国際性の追求をテーマに計画され、昭和60 年の入居開始後25 年を迎えた現在も開発が進められている。本報告は、神戸研究学園都市の開発当時の計画を整理し、現状と比較することによって、今後の地域社会における研究教育機関及び当該市街地の在り方についての考察を行うことを目的としている。具体的な方法は、計画当時の資料を収集・分析、現地調査や関係者へのヒアリング調査等による。その結果、１）計画当初は地域連携の視点があまり見られなかったこと、２）学生・教職員と住民の出会いを目的に計画された動線がうまく使われていないこと、３）大学近郊に下宿すると想定した学生数を確保できていないこと、４）UNITY（神戸研究学園都市内研究教育機関の連携組織）が全国に先駆けたもので一定の成果をあげていること、が明らかになった。今後の地域連携を考えるにあたっては、UNITY を活用し、学生がまちに関われる環境づくりを進めていくことが必要といえる。Kobe Kenkyu Gakuen Toshi is a new town located atKobe City West Ward. Over 25 years since the firstsettlement in 1985, the town has been developed urbanregion along the themes of 1) regionalism orienteddevelopment, 2)access to lifelong integrated education,3)international approach. This paper aims to make theoriginal plan at its foundation clear and compare withcurrent built environment. As a result, the future role ofeach research institute and whole town is given.Conclusion is summarized as below, 1)the original planwas lack for its vision of collaboration between institutes.2) The circulation which was planned to promotecontacts among students, teaching staff and residentsdid not work well. 3) Students do not live nearbyuniversities against initial predicts. 4) UNITY is a quiteunique and advanced organization in Japan, it still hasaspects to be improved from the view point of communitycollaboration. It is necessary to deliver and announceUNITY to residents and also to construct environmentboth in hardware and software where students can beinvolved in town as principal users

D3h -Symmetric Porphyrin-Based Rigid Macrocyclic Ligands for Multicofacial Multinuclear Complexes in a One-Nanometer-Sized Cavity.

The one-step synthesis of D3h -symmetric cyclic porphyrin trimers 1 composed of three 2,2\u27-[4,4\u27-bis(methoxycarbonyl)]bipyridyl moieties and three porphyrinatozinc moieties was achieved from a nickel-mediated reductive coupling of meso-5,15-bis(6-chloro-4-methoxycarbonylpyrid-2-yl)porphyrinatozinc. Although cyclic trimers 1 were obtained as a mixture that included other cyclic and acyclic porphyrin oligomers, an extremely specific separation was observed only for cyclic trimers 1 when using columns of silica gel modified with pyrenylethyl, cyanopropyl, and other groups. Structural analysis of cyclic trimers 1 was carried out by means of NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. Treatment of an η(3) -allylpalladium complex with a cyclic trimer gave a tris(palladium) complex containing three η(3) -allylpalladium groups inside the space, which indicated that the bipyridyl moieties inside the ring could work as bidentate metalloligands.The one-step synthesis of D3h -symmetric cyclic porphyrin trimers 1 composed of three 2,2\u27-[4,4\u27-bis(methoxycarbonyl)]bipyridyl moieties and three porphyrinatozinc moieties was achieved from a nickel-mediated reductive coupling of meso-5,15-bis(6-chloro-4-methoxycarbonylpyrid-2-yl)porphyrinatozinc. Although cyclic trimers 1 were obtained as a mixture that included other cyclic and acyclic porphyrin oligomers, an extremely specific separation was observed only for cyclic trimers 1 when using columns of silica gel modified with pyrenylethyl, cyanopropyl, and other groups. Structural analysis of cyclic trimers 1 was carried out by means of NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. Treatment of an η(3) -allylpalladium complex with a cyclic trimer gave a tris(palladium) complex containing three η(3) -allylpalladium groups inside the space, which indicated that the bipyridyl moieties inside the ring could work as bidentate metalloligands

The whole blood transcriptional regulation landscape in 465 COVID-19 infected samples from Japan COVID-19 Task Force

「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19患者由来の血液細胞における遺伝子発現の網羅的解析 --重症度に応じた遺伝子発現の変化には、ヒトゲノム配列の個人差が影響する--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-23.Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a recently-emerged infectious disease that has caused millions of deaths, where comprehensive understanding of disease mechanisms is still unestablished. In particular, studies of gene expression dynamics and regulation landscape in COVID-19 infected individuals are limited. Here, we report on a thorough analysis of whole blood RNA-seq data from 465 genotyped samples from the Japan COVID-19 Task Force, including 359 severe and 106 non-severe COVID-19 cases. We discover 1169 putative causal expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) including 34 possible colocalizations with biobank fine-mapping results of hematopoietic traits in a Japanese population, 1549 putative causal splice QTLs (sQTLs; e.g. two independent sQTLs at TOR1AIP1), as well as biologically interpretable trans-eQTL examples (e.g., REST and STING1), all fine-mapped at single variant resolution. We perform differential gene expression analysis to elucidate 198 genes with increased expression in severe COVID-19 cases and enriched for innate immune-related functions. Finally, we evaluate the limited but non-zero effect of COVID-19 phenotype on eQTL discovery, and highlight the presence of COVID-19 severity-interaction eQTLs (ieQTLs; e.g., CLEC4C and MYBL2). Our study provides a comprehensive catalog of whole blood regulatory variants in Japanese, as well as a reference for transcriptional landscapes in response to COVID-19 infection