Note sur l’aire de distribution et l’importance du Dacnusa dryas, un parasite introduit au Québec pour lutter contre l’agromyze de la lyzerne (Agromyza frontella)

De 1978 à 1980, le Dacnusa dryas, un hyménoptère d'origine européenne parasitant les larves et les pupes de l'agromyze de la luzerne, Agromyza frontella, fut relâché successivement dans deux localités du Québec. Une étude détaillée de son aire de distribution effectuée en 1986 démontre que l'insecte s'est dispersé dans les douze régions agricoles du Québec. Suite à sa naturalisation, les populations d'agromyze ont diminué à des niveaux sous-économiques.Dacnusa dryas, a European larval-pupal parasitoid of the alfalfa blotch leafminer, Agromyza frontella, was successively released in two areas of Quebec from 1978 to 1980. A detailed survey in 1986 shows that it has become established in all 12 agricultural regions. Coincident with its successful colonization, populations of the host have declined to subeconomic levels

Supplementary Material for: Are All Oscillators Created Equal? In vitro Performance Characteristics of Eight High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilators

<strong><em>Background:</em></strong> The mode of waveform generation and circuit characteristics differ between high-frequency oscillators. It is unknown if this influences performance. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> To describe the relationships between set and delivered pressure amplitude (ΔP), and the interaction with frequency and endotracheal tube (ETT) diameter, in eight high-frequency oscillators. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Oscillators were evaluated using a 70-ml test lung at 1.0 and 2.0 ml/cm H₂O compliance, with mean airway pressures (P_AW) of 10 and 20 cm H₂O, frequencies of 5, 10 and 15 Hz, and an ETT diameter of 2.5 and 3.5 mm. At each permutation of P_AW, frequency and ETT, the set ΔP was sequentially increased from 15 to 50 cm H₂O, or from 20 to 100% maximum amplitude (10% increments) depending on the oscillator design. The ΔP at the ventilator (ΔP_VENT), airway opening (ΔP_AO) and within the test lung (ΔP_TRACH), and tidal volume (V_T) at the airway opening were determined at each set ΔP. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In two oscillators the relationships between set and delivered ΔP were non-linear, with a plateau in ΔP thresholds noted at all frequencies (Dräger Babylog 8000) or ≥10 Hz (Dräger VN500). In all other devices there was a linear relationship between ΔP_VENT, ΔP_AO and ΔP_TRACH (all r² >0.93), with differing attenuation of the pressure wave. Delivered V_T at the different settings tested varied between devices, with some unable to deliver V_T >3 ml at 15 Hz, and others generating V_T >20 ml at 5 Hz and a 1:1 inspiratory-to-expiratory time ratio. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Clinicians should be aware that modern high-frequency oscillators exhibit important differences in the delivered ΔP and V_T