Effect of different concentrations of red palm olein on antioxidant enzymes activity of rat liver

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of red palm olein (RPO) on antioxidant enzymes activity of rat liver. Seventy eight (78) rats were randomly divided into thirteen (13) groups of 6 rats per group and treated with different concentrations of RPO (5, 10 and 15%) for 2, 4 and 8 weeks. Rats in the control group were given normal rat pellet only, while those in treated groups, 5, 10 and 15% of additional RPO were given. After 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment, the catalase (CAT) activity results showed that there was no significant difference (P>0.05) between the control group and the treated groups. The mean value of the catalase activity after 2 weeks in control group for 5, 10, and 15% were 1328, 1612, 1298 and 1270 U/mg, respectively. For superoxide dismutase (SOD), there was no significant difference (P>0.05) between the control group and treated groups after 2 and 8 weeks of treatment but there was significant difference (P<0.05) in the 15% RPO group after 4 weeks.Keywords: Red palm olein, catalase, superoxide dismutase, vitamin E

Local majority dynamics on preferential attachment graphs

Suppose in a graph $G$ vertices can be either red or blue. Let $k$ be odd. At each time step, each vertex $v$ in $G$ polls $k$ random neighbours and takes the majority colour. If it doesn't have $k$ neighbours, it simply polls all of them, or all less one if the degree of $v$ is even. We study this protocol on the preferential attachment model of Albert and Barab\'asi, which gives rise to a degree distribution that has roughly power-law $P(x) \sim \frac{1}{x^{3}}$, as well as generalisations which give exponents larger than $3$. The setting is as follows: Initially each vertex of $G$ is red independently with probability $\alpha < \frac{1}{2}$, and is otherwise blue. We show that if $\alpha$ is sufficiently biased away from $\frac{1}{2}$, then with high probability, consensus is reached on the initial global majority within $O(\log_d \log_d t)$ steps. Here $t$ is the number of vertices and $d \geq 5$ is the minimum of $k$ and $m$ (or $m-1$ if $m$ is even), $m$ being the number of edges each new vertex adds in the preferential attachment generative process. Additionally, our analysis reduces the required bias of $\alpha$ for graphs of a given degree sequence studied by the first author (which includes, e.g., random regular graphs)

Integrated Access and Backhaul via Satellites

To allow flexible and cost-efficient network densification and deployment, the integrated access and backhaul (IAB) was recently standardized by the third generation partnership project (3GPP) as part of the fifth-generation new radio (5G-NR) networks. However, the current standardization only defines the IAB for the terrestrial domain, while non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) are yet to be considered for such standardization efforts. In this work, we motivate the use of IAB in NTNs, and we discuss the compatibility issues between the 3GPP specifications on IAB in 5G-NR and the satellite radio regulations. In addition, we identify the required adaptation from the 3GPP and/or satellite operators for realizing an NTN-enabled IAB operation. A case study is provided for a low earth orbit (LEO) satellite-enabled in-band IAB operation with orthogonal and non-orthogonal bandwidth allocation between access and backhauling, and under both time- and frequency-division duplex (TDD/FDD) transmission modes. Numerical results demonstrate the feasibility of IAB through satellites, and illustrate the superiority of FDD over TDD transmission. It is also shown that in the absence of precoding, non-orthogonal bandwidth allocation between the access and the backhaul can largely degrades the network throughput.Comment: This paper has been accepted for publication at the 2023 IEEE PIMRC conferenc

In Vitro Micropropagation of Aquarium Plants Pearl Grass Hemianthus micranthemoides (Nuttall) and Micro Sword Grass Lilaeopsis brasiliensis (Glaziou) Affolter (Apiaceae)

Hemianthus micranthemoides and Lileaopsis brasiliensis are nowadays sold in the form of tissue culture production by aquaria and ornamental trade in Malaysia. However, there is no to limited report about in vitro micropropagation of both aquarium plants. In this study, an experimental procedure for micropropagation of both plants was documented. The propagation were done in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with eight combination of different concentration of 6-Benzylaminopurine with Naphteneacetic acid (BAP-NAA) and 1-phenyl-3-1,2,3- thiadizol-5-yl urea with Naphteneacetic acid (TDZ-NAA) following the rooting technique for 42 days. All treatments for 1 L MS medium were regulated to pH 5.7 to 5.8 and added with sucrose (30 g/L) and phytagel (2.5 g/L). All combination treatments had induced rooting. There was a significance different in the shoot regeneration of H. micranthemoides in all treatment (95% confidence level, F = 13.907, n = 240, p = 0.000), on the contrary there was no different were observed in shoot regeneration of L. brasiliensis treatment. Overall, all treatment of TDZ- NAA were significantly higher in the shoot regeneration than those in BAP-NAA treatment. Particularly the T7 (TDZ-NAA, 0.075: 0.1 mg/L) given highest result in diameter (1.626±0.213 cm) and area (1.724±0.308 cm2) of shoot clumps in H. micranthemoides, and formation of shoots (51.5±4.95), nodes (20.0±2.83) and roots (45.5±13.4) in L. brasiliensis. Hardening of in vitro cultured plantlets was done in aquatic laboratory. All of the plants survived and transferred into aquarium. This study has provided beneficial information in further micropropagation protocol for the mass production of both aquarium plants. &nbsp; Keywords: Aquarium plants, Hemianthus micranthemoides, Lilaeopsis brasiliensis, Micropropagatio

Molecular study of the genus Eryngium L. (Apiaceae) in Iraq

This study was conducted to investigate the complete sequences of nuclear ITS region, which determined five species of Eryngium L. Apiaceae in Iraq to inference phylogenetic relationships. Pycnocycla aucheriana was used as outgroups. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using ClastalW in MEGA6 version 7.0.4.1 with high supported (bootstrapping) value for each clade in a dendrogram. The phylogenetic trees showed Eryngium glomerutum as the basal lineage in a dendrogram. The sister clade to E. glomerutum was E. billardieri which form the second clade in phylogenetic trees. The third clade included only E. creticum which is considered as a sister clade to the E. campestre and E. thyrosoideum in the dendrogram. Finally, the monophylly of each clade was well supported, and phylogenetic relationships between Enyngium species was cleared based on DNA Sequencing character

Congenital hepatic fibrosis leading to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Congenital hepatic fibrosis is an uncommon cause of portal hypertension. Despite the presence of portal hypertension, hepatocellular and renal function are usually well preserved. Congenital hepatic fibrosis is included in the group of congenital diseases of fibropolycystic disorders. These include a broad spectrum of clinical diseases which are usually accompanied by hepatic involvement.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We report the case of a 27-year-old Iranian woman with congenital hepatic fibrosis leading to cirrhosis and subsequently hepatocellular carcinoma.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Advanced cirrhosis was diagnosed and our patient was scheduled for liver transplantation. During preparation for transplant, a hepatic mass was discovered which was found to be hepatocellular carcinoma. Radiofrequency ablation was performed and our patient was referred for transplantation.</p