Equations based on anthropometric measurements for adipose tissue, body fat, or body density prediction in children and adolescents: a scoping review

Assessing the body composition of children and adolescents is important to monitor their health status. Anthropometric measurements are feasible and less-expensive than other techniques for body composition assessment. This study aimed to systematically map anthropometric equations to predict adipose tissue, body fat, or density in children and adolescents, and to analyze methodological aspects of the development of anthropometric equations using skinfolds. Methods: A scoping review was carried out following the PRISMA-ScR criteria. The search was carried out in eight databases. The methodological structure protocol of this scoping review was retrospectively registered in the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/35uhc/). Results: We included 78 reports and 593 anthropometric equations. The samples consisted of healthy individuals, people with different diseases or disabilities, and athletes from different sports. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was the reference method most commonly used in developing equations. Triceps and subscapular skinfolds were the anthropometric measurements most frequently used as predictors in the equations. Age, stage of sexual maturation, and peak height velocity were used as complementary variables in the equations. Conclusion: Our scoping review identified equations proposed for children and adolescents with a great diversity of characteristics. In many of the reports, important methodological aspects were not addressed, a factor that may be associated with equation bias. Level IV: Evidence obtained from multiple time series analysis such as case studies. (NB: dramatic results in uncontrolled trials might also be regarded as this type of evidence).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Photoacoustic study of the influence of the cooling temperature on the CO2_2 emission rate by Carica papaya L. in modified atmosphere

The monitoring of trace gas emitted by papaya fruits and assessments of its mass loss can contribute to improve the conditions for their storage and transport. The C0$_2$ emission rate by the papaya fruits, monitored by a commercial infrared-based gas analyzer, was influenced by the temperature and storage time. The fruits stored at temperature of 13 °C accumulated more CO$_2$ inside the PEBD bags than those fruits stored at 6 °C. The loss of mass of the fruits progressively increased with storage time for both temperatures until the saturation of the moisture inside the PEBD bag, been more pronounced at 13 ºC

Influência dos estádios de maturação sobre as características físicas dos frutos de maracujá-amarelo Influence of the ripening stages on the physical characteristics of the yellow passion fruit

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência dos estádios de maturação sobre as características físicas dos frutos de maracujazeiro-amarelo para indicação do melhor momento de colheita na região Norte Fluminense. Iniciou-se a colheita aos 52 dias após a antese (DAA), antes das primeiras mudanças de cor da casca serem observadas, prosseguindo-se aos 54, 56, 58, 60, 64, 66, 68, 70, 76, 83 e aos 100 DAA. No último dia de colheita, nos frutos marcados ocorreu abscisão no período da noite. Durante o amadurecimento dos frutos, foi observado aumento progressivo dos parâmetros de Hunter L e b, e na região inferior do fruto ocorreu maior índice de luminosidade e de amarelecimento do que na superior. Houve redução da espessura da casca até o momento do início da mudança de sua cor (64 DAA). Neste período, houve aumento inversamente proporcional de rendimento de suco, atingindo valores superiores a 33%, adequado para a industrialização. Verificou-se tendência de aumento do rendimento de suco para 40% nos frutos com aproximadamente 30% de cor amarela da casca (68 DAA).<br>The objective of this work is to evaluate the influence of maturation stage on physical characteristics of yellow passion fruits, in order to indicate the best moment for harvesting in the Fluminense North area. The samplings were accomplished in 52 days after anthesis (DAA), before the first changes of color of the peel has been observed, following in intervals of 54, 56, 58, 60, 64, 66, 68, 70, 76, 83 and 100 DAA. In the last harvest day the marked fruits had suffered abscission during the night. During fruits ripening occurred a progressive increase of Hunter L and b parameters where the inferior area of the fruit presented higher brightness and yellowing index than the superior. The fruits reduced the thickness of the peel until the moment of the color change (64 DAA), with inversely proportional increase of juice yield in this period, taking values higher than 33% which is appropriate for industrialization. It was observed a trend of increase in juice yield to 40% in the fruits with approximately 30% of yellow color peel (68 DAA)

Maximização da produção e da receita agrícola com limitações de água e nitrogênio utilizando método de pontos interiores Maximization of the production and agricultural income with water and nitrogen constraints by using the interior points method

Com este trabalho, teve-se o objetivo de pesquisar o desempenho do método de pontos interiores (MPI), tipo trajetória central, na maximização de funções-objetivo associadas à produção e à receita agrícolas, com restrições de água e de nitrogênio. Para isso, foi desenvolvido um procedimento matemático que maximiza a produção e a receita líquida separadamente, em função da água e do nitrogênio aplicados à cultura numa matriz bidimensional de restrições, a partir de funções de produtividade para as culturas da aveia e da laranja-pera. O modelo foi caracterizado e, a partir dele, foram gerados resultados numéricos para diferentes cenários agrícolas. Foi possível concluir que a metodologia utilizada (MPI) foi capaz de maximizar as funções de produtividade e de receita, resultando na obtenção de valores semelhantes aos publicados na literatura, utilizando-se de programação separável.<br>The objective of this work was to evaluate the interior point method (central path) (IPM) in the maximization of objective functions associated with the agricultural production and income with water and nitrogen constraints. For this purpose, a procedure to maximize the production and income in relation to water and nitrogen applied to the culture was developed in a bi-dimensional matrix of constraints. The model was characterized and the numerical results are presented for different agricultural crops and scenes. It was concluded that the used methodology was capable of maximizing the productivity, obtaining values similar to the ones published in literature by using separable programming