Professionalism among medical residents in a young second-level university in Iran: A cross-sectional study

Professionalism is a set of behaviors that build trust in physicians� relationships with patients and the public. The aim of this study was to assess professionalism among residents in Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 139 residents recruited through the census method. Data were collected using the American Board of Internal Medicine Professionalism Questionnaire. The first part of the questionnaire was on residents� personal characteristics, and the second part contained fifteen items in the three domains of professionalism, namely excellence, honor/integrity, and altruism/respect. The mean scores of the questionnaire and its domains were calculated and their relationships with residents� personal characteristics were evaluated. The mean scores (± SD) of professionalism and its excellence, honor/integrity, and altruism/respect domains were 4.93 ± 2.4, 5.92 ± 1.85, 4.94 ± 3.39, and 4.35 ± 3.27, respectively (in a range of 0-10). Professionalism had significant relationships only with residents� specialty and gender. The level of professionalism in residents was low, which requires the attention of educational authorities. Moreover, the mean score of professionalism among residents in surgical specialties was significantly lower than non-surgical specialties. Various factors can be considered in this regard and it cannot be concluded that the lower score means worse professional behavior. © 2019 Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

Modeling the determinants of gestational diabetes in Shiraz

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder and the 5th cause of death in developed countries. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an impaired glucose tolerance in pregnancy period. Fourteen-eighteen percent of pregnant women are at risk of GDM, 3-4 percent of whom suffer from it. The present study was conducted to determine the most important causes of DM in a regression model. Materials and Methods : In a case control study 70 GDM patients were compared with 350 non-GDM pregnant women referring to Shiraz hospital for delivery. The data were gathered and analyzed using Fisher exact test, in univariate t-test method and binary logistic regression at multivariate model. Results : The mean age in cases and controls was 31.2 ± 6.03 and 26.32 ± 5.03, respectively. All of variables showed significant difference between two groups, except history of infertility malformation of twine pregnancy, toxemia and previous preterm delivery having no relation with GDM. In final regression model, GD history (OR=21.93), glocosuria in three trimester (OR=10.34), age older 35 years (OR=9.57), family history of GD (OR=8.13) and preeclampsia (OR=3.81) were the most important predictors of GDM, respectively. Conclusion : To prevent diabetes and its unpleasant outcomes in pregnant women it is suggested that they should avoid creating factors of glocosuria, especially in older mothers with family history of GD and GDM history

Estimation of the groundwater quality index and investigation of the affecting factors their changes in Shiraz drinking groundwater, Iran

This study aimed to determine the groundwater quality index (WQI) and investigate the anthropogenic factors causing changes in this index in Shiraz plain. This research studied the quality of groundwater of 35 wells for five years. Groundwater samples were analyzed for pH, TDS, TH, HCO3�1, Cl�1, F�1, SO4�2, Ca+2, Mg+2, No3-1, and Na+1 and a microbial parameter was analyzed to compute the water quality index (WQI). Factors Affecting was evaluated using field studies, Google Earth, and multivariate statistical analysis and piper diagram. The computed WQI values ranged from 40.01 to 117.38. Overall, 5.7 of groundwater sites sampled had excellent water quality, while 65.7 were good. 28.6 of the samples indicated poor water quality. The zoning results showed that the water quality index (WQI) was worsening from northwest to southeast and from northeast to southeast. The correlation between water quality index WQI and changes in industrial land use and between water quality index (WQI) and changes in the unused lands were 0.46, and 0.35, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) on the chemical parameters revealed two factors that account for about 77.44 of the total variance in groundwater quality data set; the first factor (with high Eigen values) indicates that variation in water quality is due to natural origin. According to the results of hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), there are three quality groups in groundwater of the research area: the first group of 8 wells, the second group of 11 wells, and the third group of 16 wells. In this context, the Piper diagram also indicates groundwater facies of the study area were Ca2+ - Mg2+ HCO3�; this is also due to water interaction, the limestone of a karst aquifer. The groundwater hydro-chemical in the study area is the majority of human activity, but it is influenced to some degree by the natural process. © 202

Estimation of the groundwater quality index and investigation of the affecting factors their changes in Shiraz drinking groundwater, Iran

This study aimed to determine the groundwater quality index (WQI) and investigate the anthropogenic factors causing changes in this index in Shiraz plain. This research studied the quality of groundwater of 35 wells for five years. Groundwater samples were analyzed for pH, TDS, TH, HCO3�1, Cl�1, F�1, SO4�2, Ca+2, Mg+2, No3-1, and Na+1 and a microbial parameter was analyzed to compute the water quality index (WQI). Factors Affecting was evaluated using field studies, Google Earth, and multivariate statistical analysis and piper diagram. The computed WQI values ranged from 40.01 to 117.38. Overall, 5.7 of groundwater sites sampled had excellent water quality, while 65.7 were good. 28.6 of the samples indicated poor water quality. The zoning results showed that the water quality index (WQI) was worsening from northwest to southeast and from northeast to southeast. The correlation between water quality index WQI and changes in industrial land use and between water quality index (WQI) and changes in the unused lands were 0.46, and 0.35, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) on the chemical parameters revealed two factors that account for about 77.44 of the total variance in groundwater quality data set; the first factor (with high Eigen values) indicates that variation in water quality is due to natural origin. According to the results of hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), there are three quality groups in groundwater of the research area: the first group of 8 wells, the second group of 11 wells, and the third group of 16 wells. In this context, the Piper diagram also indicates groundwater facies of the study area were Ca2+ - Mg2+ HCO3�; this is also due to water interaction, the limestone of a karst aquifer. The groundwater hydro-chemical in the study area is the majority of human activity, but it is influenced to some degree by the natural process. © 202

Investigation on the relationship between the lifestyle of pregnant women and the birth of premature infants and related risk factors: A case-control study

Background and Objectives: One of the causes of neonatal death and death in children under the age of five is premature birth of infants. The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors associated with preterm infant birth in pregnant women.   Methods: This is a case-control study on mothers referring to comprehensive health centers in the provinces of the country. Descriptive analysis of variables was reported as percentage and frequency. In data analysis, logistic regression analysis was used at a significant level less than 0.05.   Results: In this study, 2463 pregnant women (668 cases as cases and 1795 as controls) were examined. There was a significant relationship between the place of residence (OR=0.702, P=0.002), level of maternal education (OR=1.920, P=0.027), degree of twin (OR=4.953, P=0.001), interval between pregnancies (OR=1.821, P=0.009), specific disease (OR=1.694, P=0.010), nutritional status of the mother (OR=1.420, P=0.024), physical activity (OR=1.591, P=0.001), Sleep patterns (OR=0.634, P=0.008) and history of stillbirth (OR=0.247, P=0.001) associated with the birth of premature infants.   Conclusion: Preterm infant birth is one of the main causes of neonatal death. Therefore, some of the birth defects of the premature baby can be prevented. It is possible to reduce the risk factors for the birth of a premature baby by improving the quality of pregnancy care and changing the lifestyle of the pregnant mother, and by raising awareness and creating a healthy and safe environment for the mother

The relationship between physical violence during pregnancy and stillbirth and neonatal mortality

Background: Violence against women is one of the major public health issues and violation of women's human rights. Violence may affect women's health, especially during pregnancy. In addition to serious consequences for women's health, it will also impact the health of a growing fetus. Material and Method: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between physical violence during pregnancy and stillbirth and neonatal mortality. This s a population base case-control study conducted on pregnant women attending public health centers in 10 provinces of Iran. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS (version 21), descriptive statistics and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis at a significance level of less than 0.05. Results: In this study, 193 participants (6.9) had experienced physical violence including 104 controls (7.7) and 89 cases (6.4) and a significant relation was found between physical violence and stillbirth during pregnancy (OR=1.54, CI: 1.16-2.05). There was also a significant association between stillbirth and maternal lower educational level (OR=3.7, CI: 2.4-5.6), accidental blows on the mother (OR=5.83, CI: 3.09-10.98). No significant association was observed between physical violence during pregnancy and neonatal mortality. However, neonatal mortality was significantly related to the accidental blows (OR=15.25, CI: 8.2-28.38). Discussion and Conclusion: The results of this study showed that physical violence and accidental blows during pregnancy can cause stillbirth and neonatal mortality. Accordingly, it is recommended to take necessary measures through performing proper and routine screening for domestic violence during pregnancy and offering educational measures to empower women and raise men's awareness. © 2017 Journal of Advanced Pharmacy Education & Research