Ferromagnetism in Oriented Graphite Samples

We have studied the magnetization of various, well characterized samples of highly oriented pyrolitic graphite (HOPG), Kish graphite and natural graphite to investigate the recently reported ferromagnetic-like signal and its possible relation to ferromagnetic impurities. The magnetization results obtained for HOPG samples for applied fields parallel to the graphene layers - to minimize the diamagnetic background - show no correlation with the magnetic impurity concentration. Our overall results suggest an intrinsic origin for the ferromagnetism found in graphite. We discuss possible origins of the ferromagnetic signal.Comment: 11 figure

Proceedings of workshop on the social consequences of waste heat discharge alternatives, Argonne, Illinois, June 9--10, 1975

The workshop was attended by individuals representing federal regulatory and research agencies, universities, private industry, and citizen interest groups. The staff presented papers on quantification of social consequences, environmental considerations, social considerations, and economic considerations. Participant recommendations were made with regard to the impact matrix technique, technology assessment, and the program philosophy. The principal recommendations were that site specific cases be analyzed, careful extrapolation of results be made region by region, generic impact matrices be handled very carefully or avoided, and methodology development be initiated. (HLW

Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS). Jahresbericht 1999

Ziel ist, die GRS in die Lage zu versetzen, sich an den Wandel der nuklearen Aufgaben anzupassen, in allen wesentlichen Fragestellungen der nuklearen Sicherheit aussagefaehig zu bleiben und trotz der extrem schwierigen Nachwuchssituation in der Kerntechnik eine qualifizierte Belegschaft zu erhalten. Wichtige Elemente des Konzepts sind - eine Anpassung an den mittelfristig erwarteten Rueckgang der nuklearen Aufgaben durch sozial vertraeglichen Personalabbau ueber die naechsten 5 Jahre, - eine Konzentration eigener Kompetenzen, - Partnerschaften mit anderen leistungsfaehigen Organisationen im In- und Ausland. Hauptaufgaben der GRS bleiben Sicherheitsanalysen und -bewertungen auf den Gebieten Reaktorsicherheit, Brennstoffversorgung, Brennstoffentsorgung und Endlagerung sowie die Reaktorsicherheits- und die EndlagersicherheitsforschungThe aim is to place GRS in a position to be able to adapt to the changed tasks in the nuclear sector, remain competent in all relevant issues of nuclear safety, and maintain an adequate number of qualified staff in spite of the extremely difficult situation with regard to finding junior nuclear engineers. Key elements of this concept are - an adaptation to the expected medium-term reduction of nuclear tasks by socially acceptable cuts in the number of staff over the coming five years, - a concentration of our own competencies, -partnerships with other capable organisations at home and abroad. The major tasks of GRS will remain to perform safety analyses and assessments in the fields of reactor safety, fuel supply, spent fuel management and disposal as well as to carry out nuclear and final repository safety research. (orig.)Available from TIB Hannover / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS). Jahresbericht 2000/2001

Auch unter veraenderten politischen Rahmenbedingungen fuer die Kernenergienutzung in Deutschland ist Reaktorsicherheit eine wichtige Aufgabe geblieben, der sich die GRS mit Engagement widmet. Naturgemaess haben sich allerdings die Anforderungen und Prioritaeten in vielen Arbeitsgebieten durch die Weichenstellungen in Richtung Kernenergieausstieg veraendert. Insofern sind die Jahre 2000 und 2001, ueber die hier berichtet wird, auch als Phasen im Uebergang zu einer neuen Ausrichtung des Unternehmens GRS zu verstehen. Erhalten blieben die vier Hauptaufgabenfelder der GRS: ''Analysen und Bewertungen auf dem Gebiet der Reaktorsicherheit'', ''Sicherheitsanalysen fuer die Brennstoffversorgung und -entsorgung'', ''Reaktorsicherheitsforschung'' sowie ''Endlagersicherheitsforschung''. Die Veraenderung fachlicher Schwerpunkte erfolgte vorwiegend innerhalb dieser Felder. (orig.)Even within a changed political framework regarding the use of nuclear energy in Germany, reactor safety remains an essential task attended to by a fully committed GRS. However, the requirements and priorities in many fields of work have changed by a course setting to phase out nuclear energy. The years 2000 and 2001 under review here are also to be understood as phases in transition towards a new orientation of the GRS. The four main fields of work at GRS remain unchanged: ''Analyses and Assessments in the Field of Reactor Safety'', ''Safety Analyses for the Supply and Disposal of Nuclear Fuel'', ''Reactor Safety Research'' and ''Final Repository Safety Research''. The shift in emphasis regarding the technical issues dealt with mainly took place within these fields. (orig.)Available from TIB Hannover / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS). Jahresbericht 2002/2003

Even within a changed political framework regarding the use of nuclear energy in Germany, reactor safety remains an essential task attended to by a fully committed GRS. However, the requirements and priorities in many fields of work have changed by a course setting to phase out nuclear energy. The years 2002 and 2003 under review here are also to be understood as phases in transition towards a new orientation of the GRS. The four main fields of work at GRS remain unchanged: ''Analyses and Assessments in the Field of Reactor Safety'', ''Safety Analyses for the Supply and Disposal of Nuclear Fuel'', ''Reactor Safety Research'' and ''Final Repository Safety Research''. The shift in emphasis regarding the technical issues dealt with mainly took place within these fields. (orig.)SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman