584 research outputs found
On Comparison and Analysis of Algorithms for Multiplication in GF(2m)
AbstractThe design of a good finite field multiplication algorithm that can be realized easily on VLSI chips is important in the implementation of Reed-Solomon encoders, decoders, and in some cryptographic algorithms. In this paper, a new algorithm to carry out fast multiplication in the finite field GF(2m) using modified standard basis is presented. The new algorithm will be proved to be more efficient than the usual normal basis algorithm. The implementation has been done in a SUN SPARC-2 station, using C-language
Phytoplankton assemblage of the Merambong Shoal, Tebrau Straits with note on potentially harmful species
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Development of GAMMA Code and Evaluation for a Very High Temperature gas-Cooled Reactor
The very high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (VHTR) is envisioned as a single- or dual-purpose reactor for electricity and hydrogen generation. The concept has average coolant temperatures above 9000C and operational fuel temperatures above 12500C. The concept provides the potential for increased energy conversion efficiency and for high-temperature process heat application in addition to power generation. While all the High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor (HTGR) concepts have sufficiently high temperature to support process heat applications, such as coal gasification, desalination or cogenerative processes, the VHTR’s higher temperatures allow broader applications, including thermochemical hydrogen production. However, the very high temperatures of this reactor concept can be detrimental to safety if a loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) occurs. Following the loss of coolant through the break and coolant depressurization, air will enter the core through the break by molecular diffusion and ultimately by natural convection, leading to oxidation of the in-core graphite structure and fuel. The oxidation will accelerate heatup of the reactor core and the release of toxic gasses (CO and CO2) and fission products. Thus, without any effective countermeasures, a pipe break may lead to significant fuel damage and fission product release. Prior to the start of this Korean/United States collaboration, no computer codes were available that had been sufficiently developed and validated to reliably simulate a LOCA in the VHTR. Therefore, we have worked for the past three years on developing and validating advanced computational methods for simulating LOCAs in a VHTR. This paper will also include what improvements will be made in the Gamma code for the VHTR
Solving Hierarchical Constraints over Finite Domains with Local Search
National Science and Technology Board (Singapore
Agro-materials : a bibliographic review
Facing the problems of plastic recycling and fossil resources exhaustion, the use of biomass to conceive new materials appears like a reasonable solution. Two axes of research are nowadays developed : on the one hand the synthesis of biodegradable plastics, whichever the methods may be, on the other hand the utilization of raw biopolymers, which is the object of this paper. From this perspective, the “plastic” properties of natural polymers, the caracteristics of the different classes of polymers, the use of charge in vegetable matrix and the possible means of improving the durability of these agro-materials are reviewed
Lepton Masses and Mixing in a Left-Right Symmetric Model with a TeV-scale Gravity
We construct a left-right symmetric (LRS) model in five dimensions which
accounts naturally for the lepton flavor parameters. The fifth dimension is
described by an orbifold, S_1/Z_2 times Z'_2, with a typical size of order
TeV^{-1}. The fundamental scale is of order 25 TeV which implies that the gauge
hierarchy problem is ameliorated. In addition the LRS breaking scale is of
order few TeV which implies that interactions beyond those of the standard
model are accessible to near future experiments. Leptons of different
representations are localized around different orbifold fixed points. This
explains, through the Arkani-Hamed-Schmaltz mechanism, the smallness of the tau
mass compared to the electroweak breaking scale. An additional U(1) horizontal
symmetry, broken by small parameters, yields the hierarchy in the charged
lepton masses, strong suppression of the light neutrino masses and accounts for
the mixing parameters. The model yields several unique predictions. In
particular, the branching ratio for the lepton flavor violating process mu^-
--> e^+ e^- e^- is comparable with its present experimental sensitivity.Comment: 21 pages, 1 figure, references added, discussion on the
predictiveness of the model in the generic non-universal case added, to
appear in PR
Early growth response 1 regulates hematopoietic support and proliferation in human primary bone marrow stromal cells
Human bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) are key elements of the
hematopoietic environment and they play a central role in bone
and bone marrow physiology. However, how key stromal cell
functions are regulated is largely unknown. We analyzed the role of the
immediate early response transcription factor EGR1 as key stromal cell
regulator and found that EGR1 was highly expressed in prospectivelyisolated primary BMSC, down-regulated upon culture, and low in noncolony-forming CD45neg stromal cells. Furthermore, EGR1 expression
was lower in proliferative regenerating adult and fetal primary cells compared to adult steady-state BMSC. Overexpression of EGR1 in stromal
cells induced potent hematopoietic stroma support as indicated by an
increased production of transplantable CD34+
CD90+ hematopoietic stem
cells in expansion co-cultures. The improvement in bone marrow stroma
support function was mediated by increased expression of hematopoietic supporting genes, such as VCAM1 and CCL28. Furthermore, EGR1
overexpression markedly decreased stromal cell proliferation whereas
EGR1 knoc
Measurement of ratio using stopped positive kaons
The ratio of the () and () decay widths, , has been measured with stopped positive kaons.
and samples containing 2.4 and 4.0 events, respectively, were analyzed. The
ratio was obtained to be
0.6710.007(stat.)0.008(syst.) calculating the detector acceptance by
a Monte Carlo simulation with the assumption of - universality in
decay. The coefficient of the dependent term of the form
factor was also determined to be
=0.0220.005(stat.)0.004(syst.).Comment: 12 pages, 6 figure
Understanding the degradation of methylenediammonium and its role in phase-stabilizing formamidinium lead triiodide
Formamidinium lead triiodide (FAPbI3) is the leading candidate for single-junction metal-halide perovskite photovoltaics, despite the metastability of this phase. To enhance its ambient-phase stability and produce world-record photovoltaic efficiencies, methylenediammonium dichloride (MDACl2) has been used as an additive in FAPbI3. MDA2+ has been reported as incorporated into the perovskite lattice alongside Cl-. However, the precise function and role of MDA2+ remain uncertain. Here, we grow FAPbI3 single crystals from a solution containing MDACl2 (FAPbI3-M). We demonstrate that FAPbI3-M crystals are stable against transformation to the photoinactive δ-phase for more than one year under ambient conditions. Critically, we reveal that MDA2+ is not the direct cause of the enhanced material stability. Instead, MDA2+ degrades rapidly to produce ammonium and methaniminium, which subsequently oligomerizes to yield hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA). FAPbI3 crystals grown from a solution containing HMTA (FAPbI3-H) replicate the enhanced α-phase stability of FAPbI3-M. However, we further determine that HMTA is unstable in the perovskite precursor solution, where reaction with FA+ is possible, leading instead to the formation of tetrahydrotriazinium (THTZ-H+). By a combination of liquid- and solid-state NMR techniques, we show that THTZ-H+ is selectively incorporated into the bulk of both FAPbI3-M and FAPbI3-H at ∼0.5 mol % and infer that this addition is responsible for the improved α-phase stability
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