779 research outputs found
Boson-fermion mapping and dynamical supersymmetry in fermion models
We show that a dynamical supersymmetry can appear in a purely fermionic
system. This ``supersymmetry without bosons" is constructed by application of a
recently introduced boson-fermion Dyson mapping from a fermion space to a space
comprised of collective bosons and ideal fermions. In some algebraic fermion
models of nuclear structure, particular Hamiltonians may lead to collective
spectra of even and odd nuclei that can be unified using the dynamical
supersymmetry concept with Pauli correlations exactly taken into account.Comment: 20 pages. Revtex. One PostScript figure available on request from P
Theory for Metal Hydrides with Switchable Optical Properties
Recently it has been discovered that lanthanum, yttrium, and other metal
hydride films show dramatic changes in the optical properties at the
metal-insulator transition. Such changes on a high energy scale suggest the
electronic structure is best described by a local model based on negatively
charged hydrogen (H) ions. We develop a many-body theory for the strong
correlation in a H ion lattice. The metal hydride is described by a large
-limit of an Anderson lattice model. We use lanthanum hydride as a prototype
of these compounds, and find LaH is an insulator with a substantial gap
consistent with experiments. It may be viewed either as a Kondo insulator or a
band insulator due to strong electron correlation. A H vacancy state in LaH
is found to be highly localized due to the strong bonding between the electron
orbitals of hydrogen and metal atoms. Unlike the impurity states in the usual
semiconductors, there is only weak internal optical transitions within the
vacancy. The metal-insulator transition takes place in a band of these vacancy
states.Comment: 18 pages, 16 figures and 6 tables. Submitted to PR
Preliminary measurements of turbulence and environmental parameters in a sub-tropical estuary of Eastern Australia
In natural systems, mixing is driven by turbulence, but current knowledge is very limited in estuarine zones where predictions of contaminant dispersion are often inaccurate. A series of detailed field studies was conducted in a small subtropical creek in eastern Australia. Hydrodynamic, physio-chemical and ecological measurements were conducted simultaneously to assess the complexity of the estuarine zone and the interactions between turbulence and environment. The measurements were typically performed at high frequency over a tidal cycle. The results provide an original data set to complement long-term monitoring and the basis for a more detailed study of mixing in sub-tropical systems. Unlike many long-term observations, velocity and water quality scalars were measured herein with sufficient spatial and temporal resolutions to determine quantities of interest in the study of turbulence, while ecological indicators were sampled systematically and simultaneously. In particular the results yielded contrasted outcomes, and the finding impacts on the selection process for key water quality indicators
Model Hessian for accelerating first-principles structure optimizations
We present two methods to accelerate first-principles structural relaxations,
both based on the dynamical matrix obtained from a universal model of springs
for bond stretching and bending. Despite its simplicity, the normal modes of
this model Hessian represent excellent internal coordinates for molecules and
solids irrespective of coordination, capturing not only the long-wavelength
acoustic modes of large systems, but also the short-wavelength low-frequency
modes that appear in complex systems. In the first method, the model Hessian is
used to precondition a conjugate gradients minimization, thereby drastically
reducing the effective spectral width and thus obtaining a substantial
improvement of convergence. The same Hessian is used in the second method as a
starting point of a quasi-Newton algorithm (Broyden's method and modifications
thereof), reducing the number of steps needed to find the correct Hessian.
Results for both methods are presented for geometry optimizations of clusters,
slabs, and biomolecules, with speed-up factors between 2 and 8.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures submites to Phys. Rev.
Protecting the primordial baryon asymmetry in the seesaw model compatible with WMAP and KamLAND
We require that the primordial baryon asymmetry is not washed out in the
seesaw model compatible with the recent results of WMAP and the neutrino
oscillation experiments including the first results of KamLAND. We find that
only the case of the normal neutrino mass hierarchy with an approximate
-symmetry satisfies the requirement. We further derive, depending on the
signs of neutrino mass eigenvalues, three types of neutrino mass matrixes,
where the values of each element are rather precisely fixed.Comment: 21pages; added reference
PREDICTING THE SUMMER TEMPERATURE OF SMALL STREAMS IN SOUTHWESTERN WISCONSIN 1
One of the biggest challenges in managing cold water streams in the Midwest is understanding how stream temperature is controlled by the complex interactions among meteorologic processes, channel geometry, and ground water inflow. Inflow of cold ground water, shade provided by riparian vegetation, and channel width are the most important factors controlling summer stream temperatures. A simple screening model was used to quantitatively evaluate the importance of these factors and guide management decisions. The model uses an analytical solution to the heat transport equation to predict steady-state temperature throughout a stream reach. The model matches field data from four streams in southwestern Wisconsin quite well (typically within 1°C) and helps explain the observed warming and cooling trends along each stream reach. The distribution of ground water inflow throughout a stream reach has an important influence on stream temperature, and springs are especially effective at providing thermal refuge for fish. Although simple, this model provides insight into the importance of ground water and the impact different management strategies, such as planting trees to increase shade, may have on summer stream temperature.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/74032/1/j.1752-1688.2005.tb03714.x.pd
Democracy and governance networks: compatible or not?
The relationship between representative democracy and governance networks is investigated
at a theoretical level. Four conjectures about the relationship are defined. The
incompatibility conjectures rests on the primacy of politics and sees governance networks as a
threat. The complementarity conjecture presents governance networks as a means of enabling
greater participation in the policy process and sensitivity in programme implementation. The
transitional conjecture posits a wider evolution of governance forms towards network
relationships. The instrumental conjecture views governance networks as a powerful means
through which dominant interests can achieve their goals. Illustrative implications for theory
and practice are identified, in relation to power in the policy process, the public interest, and
the role of public managers. The heuristic potential of the conjectures is demonstrated
through the identification of an outline research agenda
Search for composite and exotic fermions at LEP 2
A search for unstable heavy fermions with the DELPHI detector at LEP is
reported. Sequential and non-canonical leptons, as well as excited leptons and
quarks, are considered. The data analysed correspond to an integrated
luminosity of about 48 pb^{-1} at an e^+e^- centre-of-mass energy of 183 GeV
and about 20 pb^{-1} equally shared between the centre-of-mass energies of 172
GeV and 161 GeV. The search for pair-produced new leptons establishes 95%
confidence level mass limits in the region between 70 GeV/c^2 and 90 GeV/c^2,
depending on the channel. The search for singly produced excited leptons and
quarks establishes upper limits on the ratio of the coupling of the excited
fermio
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