Impacts of Fire Emissions and Transport Pathways on the Interannual Variation of CO In the Tropical Upper Troposphere

This study investigates the impacts of fire emission, convection, various climate conditions and transport pathways on the interannual variation of carbon monoxide (CO) in the tropical upper troposphere (UT), by evaluating the field correlation between these fields using multi-satellite observations and principle component analysis, and the transport pathway auto-identification method developed in our previous study. The rotated empirical orthogonal function (REOF) and singular value decomposition (SVD) methods are used to identify the dominant modes of CO interannual variation in the tropical UT and to study the coupled relationship between UT CO and its governing factors. Both REOF and SVD results confirm that Indonesia is the most significant land region that affects the interannual variation of CO in the tropical UT, and El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the dominant climate condition that affects the relationships between surface CO emission, convection and UT CO. In addition, our results also show that the impact of El Nino on the anomalous CO pattern in the tropical UT varies strongly, primarily due to different anomalous emission and convection patterns associated with different El Nino events. In contrast, the anomalous CO pattern in the tropical UT during La Nina period appears to be less variable among different events. Transport pathway analysis suggests that the average CO transported by the "local convection" pathway (Delta COlocal) accounts for the differences of UT CO between different ENSO phases over the tropical continents during biomass burning season. Delta COlocal is generally higher over Indonesia-Australia and lower over South America during El Nino years than during La Nina years. The other pathway ("advection within the lower troposphere followed by convective vertical transport") occurs more frequently over the west-central Pacific during El Nino years than during La Nina years, which may account for the UT CO differences over this region between different ENSO phases.NASA Aura Science Team (AST) program NNX09AD85GJackson School of Geosciences at the University of Texas at AustinJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under NASAGeological Science

Surface flux transport modeling for solar cycles 15--21: effects of cycle-dependent tilt angles of sunspot groups

We model the surface magnetic field and open flux of the Sun from 1913 to 1986 using a surface flux transport model, which includes the observed cycle-to-cycle variation of sunspot group tilts. The model reproduces the empirically derived time evolution of the solar open magnetic flux, and the reversal times of the polar fields. We find that both the polar field and the axial dipole moment resulting from this model around cycle minimum correlate with the strength of the following cycle.Comment: Accepted for publication by Ap

Graphs with many valencies and few eigenvalues

Dom de Caen posed the question whether connected graphs with three distinct eigenvalues have at most three distinct valencies. We do not answer this question, but instead construct connected graphs with four and five distinct eigenvalues and arbitrarily many distinct valencies. The graphs with four distinct eigenvalues come from regular two-graphs. As a side result, we characterize the disconnected graphs and the graphs with three distinct eigenvalues in the switching class of a regular two-graph

First-principles study of phenyl ethylene oligomers as current-switch

We use a self-consistent method to study the distinct current-switch of $2^{'}$-amino-4-ethynylphenyl-4'-ethynylphenyl-5'-nitro-1-benzenethiol, from the first-principles calculations. The numerical results are in accord with the early experiment [Reed et al., Sci. Am. \textbf{282}, 86 (2000)]. To further investigate the transport mechanism, we calculate the switching behavior of p-terphenyl with the rotations of the middle ring as well. We also study the effect of hydrogen atom substituting one ending sulfur atom on the transport and find that the asymmetry of I-V curves appears and the switch effect still lies in both the positive and negative bias range.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure

Single chargino production via gluon-gluon fusion in a supersymmetric theory with an explicit R-parity violation

We studied the production of single chargino$\tilde{\chi}_1^{\pm}$ accompanied by $\mu^{\mp}$ lepton via gluon-gluon fusion at the LHC. The numerical analysis of their production rates is carried out in the mSUGRA scenario with some typical parameter sets. The results show that the cross sections of the $\tilde{\chi}_1^{\pm}\mu^{\mp}$ productions via gluon-gluon collision are in the order of $1 \sim 10^{2}$ femto barn quantitatively at the CERN LHC, and can be competitive with production mechanism via quark-antiquark annihilation process.Comment: LaTex file, 18 pages, 4 EPS file