Effect of particle and carbide grain sizes on a HVOAF WC-Co-Cr coating for the future application on internal surfaces: microstructure and wear

The use of nanoscale WC grain or finer feedstock particles are possible methods of improving the performance of WC-Co-Cr coatings. Finer powders are being pursued for the development of coating internal surfaces, as less thermal energy is required to melt the finer powder compared to coarse powders, permitting spraying at smaller stand - off distances. Three WC-0Co-4Cr coatings, with two different powder particle sizes and two different carbide grain sizes, were sprayed using a high velocity oxy-air fuel (HVOAF) thermal spray system developed by Castolin Eutectic - Monitor Coatings Ltd., UK. Powder and coating microstructures were characterised using XRD and SEM. Fracture toughness and dry sliding wear performance at three loads were investigated using a ball–on-disc tribometer with a WC–Co counter body. It was found that the finer powder produced the coating with the highest microhardness, but its fracture toughness was reduced due to increased decarburisation compared to the other powders. The sprayed nanostructured powder had the lowest microhardness and fracture toughness of all materials tested. Unlubricated sliding wear testing at the lowest load showed the nanostructured coating performed best; however at the highest load this coating showed the highest specific wear rates with the other two powders performing to a similar, better standard

Reactions between liquid metal/oxygen alloys and solid oxides

35.00; Translated from Japanese (J. Jpn. Inst. Met. 1986 v. 50(6) p. 568-574)SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:9022.06(BISI--25414)T / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Amanteigamento por aspersão térmica na soldagem em operação de dutos de pequena espessura: estabilidade e penetração do arco voltaico Buttering by thermal spraying in welding in-service repair of pipes with small thickness: arc stability and penetration

Este trabalho reúne resultados promissores sobre uma via alternativa de reparo em dutos e tubulações em operação com pequena espessura remanescente, envolvendo a recuperação prévia da parede do tubo por amanteigamento por processos de aspersão térmica. Avaliou-se a instabilidade apresentada pelo arco voltaico e alteração do perfil da zona fundida quando da deposição de solda por eletrodos revestidos sobre chapas de aço carbono previamente amanteigadas, com camadas de composição similar, pelos processos de aspersão térmica a chama e a arco-elétrico. Os resultados permitiram correlacionar a estabilidade do arco com o nível de oxidação das camadas aspergidas.( Medidas de temperatura do revestimento aspergido mostraram que, desde que o processo de aspersão ocorra de forma ininterrupta até a espessura final do revestimento, a temperatura superficial é crescente com a espessura do depósito, o que resulta num maior teor de óxidos, associado tanto à uma instabilidade do cordão como à uma maior penetração da poça fundida). Difratogramas de raios-X nas camadas aspergidas e análises do teor de oxigênio na zona fundida dos cordões de solda comprovaram a influência desse elemento na alteração do perfil da zona fundida. Como alternativa ao uso de ar comprimido, foi avaliada sua substituição pelo argônio como gás de arraste, verificando-se efeitos muito benéficos - redução significativa da penetração e boa estabilidade do arco voltaico - admite-se que advindos da redução da oxidação da camada aspergida pelo efeito protetor do gás inerte. A avaliação dos resultados permitiu estabelecer critérios de soldagem com menor risco de perfuração se comparados a uma condição sem revestimento prévio por aspersão térmica.<br>This work brings promising results about an alternative way of welding in-service repair of pipes with low reminiscent thickness, which involves a previous buttering coating of the pipe wall by thermal spraying. The characteristics of buttering layers deposited by two thermal spraying processes (arc and conventional flame) were compared, in special the influence of their degree of oxidation in dependence of the carrying gas (pressurized air or argonium) on the arc stability and penetration of weld beads SMAW over plain carbon steels previously buttered with similar composition layers. The results allowed to correlate the stability of the arc to the level of oxidation of the sprayed layers. (Temperature measurements on the surface of the sprayed layers showed that, since the process of thermal spray occur in an non-stopped way until the final thickness of the coating, the superficial temperature is increased with the thickness of the deposit, what results in a higher content of oxides, which is associated to an arc instability and a greater penetration of the molten pool.) X-ray diffractrogams and oxygen analysis proved the influence of this element in the changing profile of the fusion zone. As an alternative to the use of compressed air, its substitution by the inert gas argon as carrying gas was evaluated, verifying very benefic effects - significant reduction of penetration e good arc stability - believed coming from the reduction of oxidation in the sprayed layer by the protective effect of the inert gas. The evaluation of the results permitted to establish criteria of welding with lower risks of burn-through compared to a condition without buttering layers