Nonequilibrium phenomena in high Landau levels

Developments in the physics of 2D electron systems during the last decade have revealed a new class of nonequilibrium phenomena in the presence of a moderately strong magnetic field. The hallmark of these phenomena is magnetoresistance oscillations generated by the external forces that drive the electron system out of equilibrium. The rich set of dramatic phenomena of this kind, discovered in high mobility semiconductor nanostructures, includes, in particular, microwave radiation-induced resistance oscillations and zero-resistance states, as well as Hall field-induced resistance oscillations and associated zero-differential resistance states. We review the experimental manifestations of these phenomena and the unified theoretical framework for describing them in terms of a quantum kinetic equation. The survey contains also a thorough discussion of the magnetotransport properties of 2D electrons in the linear response regime, as well as an outlook on future directions, including related nonequilibrium phenomena in other 2D electron systems.Comment: 60 pages, 41 figure

Staat van de ambtelijke dienst 2015 De overheid in tijden van verandering

bookHervorming Sociale Regelgevin

Paradoxical nonlinear response of a Brownian particle

Eichhorn R, Reimann P. Paradoxical nonlinear response of a Brownian particle. PHYSICAL REVIEW E. 2004;70(3): 35106.We consider a Brownian particle in a "meandering" periodic potential when the ambient temperature is a periodically or stochastically varying function of time. Though far from equilibrium, the linear response of the particle to an external static force is exactly the same as in the equilibrium case, i.e., for constant temperature. Even more surprising is the nonlinear response: the particle slows down and then even starts to move in the direction opposite to the applied force