Effect of temperature and time of pasteurization on the milk quality during storage

A study on the effect of temperature and time of pasteurization on the milk quality during storage was carried out using fresh milk. The aim of the experiment was to asses the storage time of pasteurized milk for consumption without nutrient losses. A completely randomized factorial design, 2 x 8 was used, with pasteurization temperature (T), consisted of 2 levels, the low temperature long time (LTLT), i.e. fresh milk was warmed at 65oC for 30 minutes (T1) and the high temperature short time (HTST), i.e. fresh milk was warmed at 71oC for 15 seconds (T2); and storage time (S), consisted of 8 levels, i.e. 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21 hours respectively, as the factors, with 3 replicates. Parameters measured were alcohol test, water, fat, and protein concentrations, and microbial population of pasteurized milk during storage. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and simple linear regression. The result showed that water and fat concentrations and microbial population was not significantly different (P>0.05) in pasteurization temperature treatment, but was significantly different (P<0.05) due to storage time treatment. Meanwhile, the protein concentration was significantly different (P<0.05) either in pasteurization temperature or storage time. It was concluded that pasteurized milk was still suitable for consumption at 15-21 hours storage, while protein concentration tended to be better when was pasteurized at 65oC.   Key words: Pasteurized milk, storage qualit

Feeding Strategy For Fattening Sheep From a Prolific Line

ABSTRACT: An experiment has been conducted to evaluate the feeding strategy for fattening prolific ghliwp. Four types of ration (R]. R2, R3 and R4) RN tested Twenty lambs, after weaned, males were used. The objectives were to find out the efficient ration which could support the growth rate of more than 100 gid. The rations were formulated from such fecdstuffs as corn, soybean meal, coconut meal, wheat pollard. rice bran, dried grass. cassava . leaves, salt and minerals. The control ration (RI ) was a mixture between commercial concentrate (GT..03) and napier grass. The rations were offerc,d at 3.5 to 4,5% of the b :dy weight and adjusted every week. Weight changes, food intake, feed conversion and carcass characteristics were recorded. Data wore analyzed in a completely\u27 randomized design. Results indicated that die weight gain was significantly different among treatments (

Productive and reproductive performances of young Ettawah-cross does

Productive and reproductive performances of 85 heads of Ettawah-cross (Peranakan Ettawah or PE) does at first breeding were studied at the Research Institute for Animal Production, Bogor . They were fed freshly-chopped King grass (Pennisetum put7xtreophoides) and corn-husk (2 :1) ad libitum and concentrate feed was given at a rate of 300 - 400 g/head/day . During the last month of the pregnancy and lactation period the amount of concentrate feed was increased to 500 - 700 g/head/day . Sixty-five does were in pre-pubertal stage and 86 .2% reached puberty at liveweights between 16 - 21 .8 kg (mean 18 .8 t 0 .4 kg) which is about 60% of mature liveweight . Oestrus without ovulation was found in 6% of the animals which has contributed on the relatively low conception rate (64 .7%) . A high pre-weaning mortality of kids born (37 .5 %) caused production inefficiency that suggests the challenge to improve management practices . Milk yield of PE does varied widely (0 .3 - 0 .8 kg/day), hence, there is a chance for improvement towards increasing milk production in Indonesia through well planned selection program

Implementasi Regulasi Nasional Terkait Keselamatan Kapal Penangkap Ikan di Ppn Pekalongan

The purpose of this study was to obtain an overview of national regulations relating fishing vessel safety, obtain an overview of the implementation of regulations relating fishing vessel safety in the Pekalongan Archipelago Fishing Port and analyze alternative solutions in order to achieve optimization of the application of national regulations relating fishing vessel safety. The method used in this research is descriptive method that is featured a case study with Likert Scale and Analysis Hierarchy Process (AHP)done to be data analyze. The results showed that only the Minister of Communications Decree No.KM 46 Year 1996 regarding Seaworthiness Certification of Fishing Vessels that discussed the safety of fishing vessels. Implementation of regulations related to safety of fishing vessels in the Pekalongan Archipelago Fishing Port within 5 (five) years ranged between 69.31% - 73.08%, it indicates that the rate of application of relevant regulations on the safety of fishing vessels belonging to the Pekalongan Archipelago Fishing Port in both categories based on predefined criteria weighting. Which occupies the first priority action to achieve the optimization of the application of relevant regulations on fishing vessel safety in the Pekalongan Archipelago Fishing Port compliance requirements with the characteristics and conditions of fishing vessels and manning with the priority vector value 0.55. The second priority isthe rules firmness relating safety of fishing vessel from the state with the priority vector value 0.29 and the third priority is the seriousness to the implementation by relevant parties such as the Unit Operator Port (Harbourmaster and Marine Inspector) with the priority vector value 0.16

Uji Kecepatan Perahu Sopek Dengan Menggunakan Propeller Dua Daun Dan Tiga Daun Di Perairan Tambak Lorok Semarang

Salah satu penentu keberhasilan opersai penangkapan ikan adalah faktor kecepatan kapal. Kecepatan kapal merupakan jarak yang ditempuh dalam kurun waktu tertentu untuk menghasilkan tangkapan. Kecepatan ini dipengaruhi oleh besaran mesin, umur mesin, Jumlah daun propeller, dan sudut kemiringan as propeller. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan April 2015 di perairan Tambak Lorok Semarang. Tujuan penelitia ini adalah menganalisis perbedaan kecepatan yang dihasilkan pada perahu dengan perbedaan jumlah daun propeller, menganalisis efisiensi pemakaian bahan bakar minyak bensin, serta menganalisis propeller yang sesuai dan lebih efisien. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimental fishing dan metode deskriptif. Analisa data diolah menggunakan Ms. Excel dengan uji t-Test. Hasil analisa data menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan jumlah daun propeller berpengaruh terhadap kecepatan perahu dan konsumsi bahan bakar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan untuk pengaruh perbedaan propeller terhadap kecepatan perahu yang dihasilkan propeller 2 daun lebih tinggi yaitu 9,07 knot, bila dibandingkan dengan propeller 3 daun 8,99 knot. Berdasarkan hasil efisiensi pemakaian bahan bakar minyak bahwa penggunaan propeller 3 daun selama 30 menit dengan nilai 50,925% sedikit lebih efisien, bila dibandingkan dengan propeller 2 daun dengan nilai 49,075%. One of the success factor of fishing operation is boat speed. Boat speed is the distancewithin a certain period to produce catches. This speed is influenced by the amount of machinery, machine age, number of propeller shaft, and the angle of the propeller axles. The research was conducted in April 2015 in Tambak Lorok, Semarang. The aim of the research is analyzing the difference of speed which is generated by boat with a difference number of propeller shaft, to analyze the efficiency of fuel consumption, and analyzing appropriate and more efficient propeller. The method used experimental fishing method and descriptive methods. Analysis of the data is processed by Ms. Excel withT-Test. Results of the analysis showed that the difference number of propeller shaft affects to the boat speed and fuel consumption. The results showed,effect of difference propeler toward speed boat which is generated by 2 propeler shaft is higher at 9.07 knots, compared with the 3 propeller shaft 8,99 knots. Based on the results of the use of fuel efficiencyis the use of 3 propeller shaft for 30 minutes with a value of 50.925% slightly more efficient, when compared with the 2 propeller shaft with a value of 49,075%

Analisis Perbedaan Hasil Tangkapan Berdasarkan Warna Lampu Pada Alat Tangkap Bagan Apung Dan Bagan Tancap Di Perairan Muncar, Kabupaten Banyuwangi

Secara sifatnya ikan dibagi menjadi dua yakni fototaxis positif dimana ikan tertarik dengan rangsangan cahaya dan fototaxis negatif yaitu ikan yang tidak tertarik dengan rangsangan cahaya. Penggunaan warna lampu pada alat tangkap bagan (lift net) tentunya akan mempengaruhi ikan hasil tangkapan yang didapatkan. Teori darbeberapa penelitian terdahulu didapatkan hasil bahwa lampu warna putih dan merah kurang memberikan hasil yang maksimal dibandingkan dengan warna lampu yang lain seperti biru dan kuning. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil tangkapan antara kedua jenis warna lampu serta menganalisis pengaruh perbedaan kedua jenis warna tersebut pada hasil tangkapan. Masyarakat nelayan bagan (lift net) di Muncar hampir secara keseluruhan menggunakan dua warna yang berbeda yakni warna lampu putih dan warna lampu merah. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimental fishing dengan melakukan operasi penangkapan langsung di lapangan dengan menggunakan dua variabel yakni lampu warna merah dan warna putih pada masing-masing bagan apung dan bagan tancap. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah menggunakan uji t. Lokasi penelitian di lakukan di perairan Muncar, Banyuwangi pada bulan mei 2014. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan hasil bagan tancap dengan menggunakan lampu warna putih 53,4 kg dan lampu warna merah 39,6 kg. Sedangkan pada bagan apung dengan menggunakan lampu warna putih 47,9 dan lampu warna merah 32,2 kg. Berdasarkan uji t menggunakan SPSS 21 di didapatkan hasil pada bagan tancap H0 diterima karena nilai t hitung kurang dari ttabel (1,176 < 3,182) sehingga tidak ada perbedaan ikan hasil tangkapan antara lampu warna putih dan lampu warna merah pada bagan tancap sedangkan pada bagan apung didapatkan hasil H0 diterima karena nilai t hitung kurang dari ttabel (2,382 < 3,182) sehingga tidak ada perbedaan ikan hasil tangkapan antara lampu warna putih dan lampu warna merah pada bagan apung. Based on the characteristic, fish is divided into two types, they are the positive of phototaxis, which is the fish is interested in the provocative light, and the negative phototaxis, which is the fish is not interested in the provocative light. The use of the colour of lamp in the bagan equipment (lift net) will affect the fish that is obtained. The result of the theory from the previous researches says that the white and red lamp are less of giving the maximum result if its are compared with the other colours such as blue and yellow. Almost all the bagan fishermen (lift net) in Muncar use two different colours, white and red. The aims of this research are to know the difference of by catch result between two types of the lamp colour and to analyse the different effect of the types of the colour in the catch result. The research used the fishing experimental method by doing the catch operation directly in the area with two variable, red and white lamp, in every bagan apung and bagan tancap. The data analysis of this research use t test. The location of the research is conducted in Muncar waters, Banyuwangi on May 2013. From the research result, it can be showed that bagan tancap that use the wite lamp 53,4 kg, and the red lamp 39,6 kg. While in bagan apung that use the white lamp is 47,9 kg, and the red lamp is 32,2 kg. Based on the uji t by using the SPSS 21, the result of bagan tancap H0 accepted because the value of t hitung is less from the ttable (1,176 < 3,182) so there is no the difference of the by catch fish between the white and red lamp in bagan tancap, while the result bagan apung H0 accepted because the value of t hitung less from the ttable (2,382 < 3,182) so there is no the difference of the by catch fish between the white and red lamp in bagan apung

Uji Performansi Alat Pemisah Limbah Cair Berminyak (Oily Water Separator) Untuk Kapal Perikanan Dalam Skala Laboratorium

Perkembangan jumlah armada kapal perikanan membawa implikasi terhadap pencemaran lingkungan perairan akibat pembuangan limbah cair berminyak dengan kuantitas dan kualitas yang semakin meningkat yang disebabkan oleh kapal perikanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui performansi dan perkiraan biaya OWS antara buatan luar (CYF-0.05Y) dengan buatan lokal (Prototipe BBPPI). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen. Metode penelitian eksperimen adalah metode penelitian yang digunakan untuk mencari pengaruh perlakuan tertentu terhadap yang lain. OWS CYF-0.05Y memiliki efektivitas pemisahan lebih besar 1,6% yaitu 77,3 % sedangkan OWS BBPPI hanya 75,7 %. Kapasitas kerja alat OWS BBPPI lebih besar 63,67 liter/jam yaitu 176,33 liter/jam sedangkan OWS CYF-0.05Y hanya 112,66 liter/jam. Untuk biaya listrik pada saat pengoperasian OWS BBPPI dengan bahan uji 10 liter dengan waktu pemrosesan selama 3 menit 36 detik lebih rendah Rp. 2,- (Dua Rupiah) yaitu senilai Rp. 3,- (Tiga Rupiah) sedangkan OWS CYF-0.05Y selama 5 menit 32 detik senilai Rp. 5,- (Lima Rupiah). Estimasi biaya untuk pembuatan sebuah OWS untuk satu unit alat OWS buatan luar dengan tipe CYF-0.05Y yaitu Rp. 7.900.000,- (Tujuh Juta Sembilan Ratus Ribu Rupiah) sedangkan harga OWS buatan lokal yaitu Rp. 6.100.000,- (Enam Juta Seratus Ribu Rupiah). Selisih harga kedua OWS adalah Rp. 1.800.000,- (Satu Juta Delapan Ratus Ribu Rupiah) lebih murah OWS buatan lokal. The growth of fishing vessels carries implications to aquatic environment pollution due to the increasing quantity and quality of oily liquid waste disposal, originated from those fishing vessels. Nevertheless, the captain and/or the crew should, as early as possible, attempt to prevent pollution from happening as produced by the vessel in order to avoid or at least reduce polluting oil spill. This research aims at knowing the performance and the estimated costs of the operation of foreign- (CYF-0.05Y) and local-made (BBPPI\u27s prototype) oily water separator. This research applies experimental method which is employed to seek the influence of certain treatment over one thing to another.OWS CYF-0.05Y has 1,6 % greater separation effectiveness than BBPPI OWS holding only 75,7 %, that is 77,3 %. Performance capacity, BBPPI OWS holds 63,67 % lt/hr larger than CYF-0.05Y OWS—that is 176,33 lt/hr for BBPPI OWS and 112,66 lt/hr for CYF-0.05Y OWS. Meanwhile, for electricity costs spent during BBPPI OWS operation taking 3 minutes 36 seconds leads to Rp 2,- (two rupiah) lower that CYF-0.05Y OWS—BBPPI OWS costs Rp 3,- while CYF-0.05Y OWS costs Rp 5,- with 5 minutes 32 seconds operation. Estimated cost to manufacture a single unit foreign-made OWS type CYF-0.05Y is Rp 7.900.000,- (Seven million and nine hundred thousand rupiah) while a local-made OWS takes Rp 6.100.000,- (Six million one hundred thousand rupiah). The difference between the two is Rp 1.800.000,- (A million and eight hundred thousand rupiah) ranking local-made OWS cheaper

Analisis Finansial USAha Docking Kapal Purse Seine Di CV Putra Barokah Kabupaten Pati

Kapal purse seine adalah salah satu kapal yang secara khusus dirancang untuk digunakan menangkap ikan dengan jenis alat tangkap purse seine, yang berbahan dasar kayu, dimana bahan tersebut sangat memerlukan perawatan. Dock adalah suatu fasilitas yang dipergunakan untuk perbaikan kapal. Docking kapal menjadi suatu kegiatan ekonomi karena dapat menghasilkan pendapatan dan keuntungan. Di PPP Bajomulyo terdapat fasilitas docking yang dimiliki oleh CV Putra Barokah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kapasitas docking kapal yang telah ada di CV Putra Barokah Kabupaten Pati dan menganalisis aspek finansial USAha docking kapal purse seine dengan pendekatan NPV, IRR, B/C ratio dan PP. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif, yaitu suatu metode dalam meneliti status sekelompok manusia, suatu objek, suatu set kondisi, suatu sistem pemikiran, ataupun suatu kelas peristiwa pada masa sekarang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Dock CV Putra Barokah sudah memenuhi kapasitas docking kapal purse seine di Kabupaten Pati, dikarenakan tidak melebihi daya tampung rata-rata per bulan dan Usaha docking kapal purse seine CV Putra Barokah di Kabupaten Pati dikatakan layak dan menguntungkan dilihat dari nilai rata-rata NPV sebesar Rp. 319.066.221,53, besar nilai rata-rata IRR adalah 28,84%, dan besar rata-rata nilai B/C Ratio adalah 1,54. Pengembalian modal sedang dengan nilai PP selama 4,87 tahun. Purse seiner is one of the ships that are specifically designed for use fishing with purse seine gear types, which is made from wood, where the material is in need of care. Dock is a facility that is used for ship repair. Docking the boat into an economic activity because it can generate revenue and profit. PPP Bajomulyo docking facilities are owned by CV Putra Barokah. The purpose of this study was to determine the capacity of the existing vessels docking in CV Putra Barokah Pati regency and analyze the financial aspects of the business docking purse seiner with the approach of NPV, IRR, B/C ratio and PP. The method used in this research is descriptive method, a method in researching the status of a group of people, an object, a set of conditions, a system pemikiran, or a class of events in the present. The results showed that the Dock CV Putra Barokah already meet a capacity of purse seine vessels docking in Pati regency, because the capacity does not exceed the average per month and Docking attempt purse seiner CV Putra Barokah in Pati regency is feasible and advantageous seen from an average NPV value of Rp. 319,066,221.53, large average value of IRR is 28.84%, and the average size of the B / C ratio is 1.54. Payback was the PP value for 4.87 years