Crystal structure of 3-{(E)-[(3, 4-dichloro-phenyl)imino]methyl}benzene-1, 2-diol

The authors acknowledge the provision of funds for the purchase of diffractometer and encouragement by Dr.Muhammad Akram Chaudhary, Vice Chancellor, University of Sargodha, Pakistan.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Perception of Organizational Justice as a Predictor of Organizational Citizenship Behavior: An Empirical Study at Schools in Sri Lanka

The recent literature, organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) has received much attention by scholars. Organizational justice perception on the other hand  comprises the employees perceptions associated with rewards, outcomes, decision making and participation in decision making processes and it is one of  the dominating factor in organizational life.  Both of these variables directly linked with organizational efficiency and effectiveness. The main objective of this study is to find the impact of organizational justice perception on organizational citizenship behavior. A stratified random sample of 230 school teachers in the eastern region of Sri Lanka participated in this study. The data were collected using validated questionnaire and were analyzed. The results revealed that the perception of justice is a strong predictor of organizational citizenship behavior. The relationship between each dimensions of organizational justice (distributive, procedural and interactive) and organizational citizenship behavior were also tested. As the scope for performing extra role is much more broader for school teachers, considering the findings of this study it is possible to recommend the educational institutions to increase the level of justice to increase their engagement in organizational citizenship behavior. Keywords: Organizational citizenship behavior, Organizational justice perception, Distributive justice, Procedural justice, Interactive justice

Challenges of Thesis Work: Towards Minimizing the Non-Completion Rate in the Postgraduate Degree Program

Although the students registering for postgraduate program are increasing in number in Sri Lanka, many postgraduate students dropped out or delayed their graduation because of the challenge of thesis completion. In Sri Lanka, it is frequently quoted that while students are able to complete their all course works in their postgraduate degree program, most of the students do not complete their degrees within the stipulated period. Although, non-completion has many negative consequences, the existing body of literature examining the non-completion at postgraduate level is quite small. Therefore, this study focused on research questions ‘what do candidates of Sri Lankan University postgraduate program perceive as barriers to completion of the degree? And to what extent do PG students perceive these barriers responsible for delay in their thesis completion? Initially this study reviewed the literature to identify any factors which have been identified as hindrance for a thesis completion. Then, this study employed two types of analysis: Exploratory and descriptive. The former explore the situation by generating information from relevant respondent group and do content analysis for finding factors which influence completion of dissertation. The latter describe with frequencies and mean to describe and explain the real situation of the non-completion. The postgraduate students of national universities in Sri Lanka who did not complete their program within the given program duration constituted the population of the study. Exploratory study resulted with six factors, descriptive study suggest that although all  of these factors influence thesis completion rate, student quality has significant influence in completing thesis. Personal situations and financial resources have also been identified as the next important factors in its significance. Implications of findings with recommendations to improve thesis completion also discussed. Keywords: Non-completion, postgraduate, degree, thesis, challenges, Sri Lank

Transition from a Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid to a Fermi liquid in potassium intercalated bundles of single wall carbon nanotubes

We report on the first direct observation of a transition from a Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid to a Fermi liquid behavior in potassium intercalated mats of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT). Using high resolution photoemission spectroscopy an analysis of the spectral shape near the Fermi level reveals a Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid power law scaling in the density of states for the pristine sample and for low dopant concentration. As soon as the doping is high enough to fill bands of the semiconducting tubes a distinct transition to a bundle of only metallic SWCNT with a scaling behavior of a normal Fermi liquid occurs. This can be explained by a strong screening of the Coulomb interaction between charge carriers and/or an increased hopping matrix element between the tubes.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Context specific determinants of performance of informal sector: a study of factor structure

The objective of this study was to identify the factors influencing the performance of the informal sector in war affected regions of Sri Lanka and to examine the factor structure of it. Regarding to this study the researchers had mixed opinions in the factors influencing the informal sector so action was taken to find the major factors. This study was conducted in two stages. Stage one of the research, the exploratory study contained a factor identification study using the triangulation method with a sample size of 100 women headed households from the Vavuniya District in Si Lanka. Information were gathered from three perspectives, motivating factors, hindering factors and factors recommended to improve performance. Items generated by the responded were undergone content analysis. The content analysis of the exploratory study found four major factors. Consequently, the study of factor structure of the determinants of performance of the informal sector, at the second stage with a sample size of 300 women entrepreneurs engaged in the informal sector was conducted. The results revealed four factors, namely training, education, social and economic, matched with the results of the exploratory study. Implications are also discussed

Efek Ekstrak Kasar Cacing Tanah Pheretima sp. terhadap Morfologi Sel Bakteri Salmonella enteritidis

Abtract. This study was aimed at studying changes in the morphology of Salmonella enteritidis bacterial cells after the crude extract of Pheretima sp. using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Earthworm extraction uses 96% ethanol, and binds to the appropriate bacteria in the exponential phase with extract concentrations of 5% and 10%. Observations using a microscope scanner were carried out after agreeing to a 6-hour, 12-hour, and 24-hour extract. Obtained from the results showing the crude extract of Pheretima sp. to changes in cell morphology of Salmonella enteritidis bacteria. Salmonella enteritidis bacterial cells are damaged consisting of: formed holes in the surface of bacterial cells, bumps on the surface of bacterial cells, shrinkage of bacterial cells, elongation of bacterial cells, and increase in bacterial cells. In addition, as well as longer contributions and free time, incubation, after being added, crude extract of Pheretima sp. against Salmonella enteritidis bacteria, the greater the damage caused. However, 5% extract concentration is the optimal concentration in the effect of damage to the morphology of the cells of Salmonella enteritidis bacteria.Keywords: Coarse Extract, Earthworms, Pheretima sp., Morphological Cells, Salmonella enteritidis, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

PLANNED BEHAVIOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INTENTION TO CREATE A NEW VENTURE AMONG YOUNG GRADUATES

This paper attempts to investigate whether young graduates possess the leadership style that is pre-requisite to become entrepreneur. The paper further examines the role of higher education towards the desire of new venture creation among young graduates in developing economies specially. This study analyzed the response of 225 final-semester students at different universities in Islamabad, Rawalpindi and Lahore. A questionnaire based survey instrument was used. Result of the present study shows that education and new venture creation are positively and significantly correlated. The results further indicate that all variables used in this study are significantly correlated with intention to create a new venture. The limitation of this study is that it includes business and economics discipline students only. Further studies may investigate and examine the possibilities of similar outcomes among students of other disciplines including science, engineering, medicine, agriculture and law etc. The present study will, however, provide insight to future policy makers and planners to consider strategies for optimally utilizing the expertise and potentials of the young graduates. The academicians, educators, and university authorities have rethink what to teach? How to teach? In order to effectively prepare-young generation for the forthcoming challenges.entrepreneurship, leadership style, new venture creation, planned behavior, young graduates.

What sow the seeds of hardship for the poorest of the poor? Towards increasing the performance of informal sector in war affected regions of Sri Lanka

Less performance of informal sector among the poorest of the poor in the war affected regions in Sri Lanka has been caused by many reasons. Findings of an exploratory study and the factor analysis revealed four important factors namely training and skills, education, social and economic. As the extension of the exploratory study, to test this prediction empirically with a larger sample size, the present study applied a survey method using a questionnaire especially designed based on the initial exploratory study which was conducted inductively. A sample of 300 women headed households engaged in the informal sector participated in this study. The results indicates these four factors significantly predict the performance of informal sector. More specifically, while, economic factors contribute more to the performance of the informal sector, training contributes less. The study also discussed the implication of findings and area for future research. Based on the findings and conclusions, few recommendations are also made to enhance the performance of women headed households in the informal sector