Adaptive Horizon Model Predictive Control and Al'brekht's Method

A standard way of finding a feedback law that stabilizes a control system to an operating point is to recast the problem as an infinite horizon optimal control problem. If the optimal cost and the optmal feedback can be found on a large domain around the operating point then a Lyapunov argument can be used to verify the asymptotic stability of the closed loop dynamics. The problem with this approach is that is usually very difficult to find the optimal cost and the optmal feedback on a large domain for nonlinear problems with or without constraints. Hence the increasing interest in Model Predictive Control (MPC). In standard MPC a finite horizon optimal control problem is solved in real time but just at the current state, the first control action is implimented, the system evolves one time step and the process is repeated. A terminal cost and terminal feedback found by Al'brekht's methoddefined in a neighborhood of the operating point is used to shorten the horizon and thereby make the nonlinear programs easier to solve because they have less decision variables. Adaptive Horizon Model Predictive Control (AHMPC) is a scheme for varying the horizon length of Model Predictive Control (MPC) as needed. Its goal is to achieve stabilization with horizons as small as possible so that MPC methods can be used on faster and/or more complicated dynamic processes.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1602.0861

A unified evaluation of iterative projection algorithms for phase retrieval

Iterative projection algorithms are successfully being used as a substitute of lenses to recombine, numerically rather than optically, light scattered by illuminated objects. Images obtained computationally allow aberration-free diffraction-limited imaging and the possibility of using radiation for which no lenses exist. The challenge of this imaging technique is transfered from the lenses to the algorithms. We evaluate these new computational ``instruments'' developed for the phase retrieval problem, and discuss acceleration strategies.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures, revte

An Introduction to Quantum Computing for Non-Physicists

Richard Feynman's observation that quantum mechanical effects could not be simulated efficiently on a computer led to speculation that computation in general could be done more efficiently if it used quantum effects. This speculation appeared justified when Peter Shor described a polynomial time quantum algorithm for factoring integers. In quantum systems, the computational space increases exponentially with the size of the system which enables exponential parallelism. This parallelism could lead to exponentially faster quantum algorithms than possible classically. The catch is that accessing the results, which requires measurement, proves tricky and requires new non-traditional programming techniques. The aim of this paper is to guide computer scientists and other non-physicists through the conceptual and notational barriers that separate quantum computing from conventional computing. We introduce basic principles of quantum mechanics to explain where the power of quantum computers comes from and why it is difficult to harness. We describe quantum cryptography, teleportation, and dense coding. Various approaches to harnessing the power of quantum parallelism are explained, including Shor's algorithm, Grover's algorithm, and Hogg's algorithms. We conclude with a discussion of quantum error correction

Substances Acting on the Central Nervous System. IV. Derivatives of 2-Ethyl-2-phenylbutyramide

A number of N- and p-substituted 2-ethyl-2-phenylbutyramides have been synthesized for pharma cological evaluation as potential substances acting on t~e central nervous system (CNS)

Substances Acting on the Central Nervous System. IV. Derivatives of 2-Ethyl-2-phenylbutyramide

A number of N- and p-substituted 2-ethyl-2-phenylbutyramides have been synthesized for pharma cological evaluation as potential substances acting on t~e central nervous system (CNS)

Finite element analysis of square FRP-concrete-steel columns under eccentric compression

This paper presents the development of a finite element (FE) methodology for investigating the behavior of the FRP, concrete and steel components of a square FRP-concrete-steel composite (FCSC) columns with a rotated square inner steel tube. The FE models are developed in ABAQUS using the authors’ recently refined Concrete Damage Plasticity Model (CDPM) in conjunction with the FRP damage criteria available in the literature. The developed FE methodology is verified against the authors’ experimental test results involving columns with normal and rotated square inner steel tubes under eccentric loading, and the FE analysis results are used to explain the column behavior and failure. The most vulnerable region of the concrete column was confirmed to be the corner, where the sandwiched concrete was the most confined in the diagonal direction of the cross-section. Coupled with the findings that the GFRP hoop strain at the corner was typically less than one third of the rupture strain when the column suddenly failed, and that the corner hoop strains at column failure varied by up to 100% between specimens even though the same GFRP material was used, it indicates the possibility that rather than the FRP rupture leading to concrete failure, the concrete failure precipitated the “premature” FRP rupture. Rotating the square inner steel tube reduced the vulnerability of the sandwiched concrete in the non-uniformly confined and compressed corner regions, leading to higher resistance and/or greater ductility of the FCSC column. The beneficial effects diminished with increasing eccentricity, partly due to yielding of the rotated inner steel tube on the tensile side as the material was further from the neutral axis of bending

GAMBARAN KECUKUPAN VITAMIN LARUT AIR PADA MAHASISWA SEMESTER VI DI FAKULTAS KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI MANADO SELAMA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19

Vitamin merupakan senyawa yang diperlukan tubuh dalam jumlah yang sedikit untuk proses metabolisme. Menurut kelarutannya, vitamin terbagi menjadi vitamin larut lemak dan vitamin larut air. Vitamin larut air antara lain vitamin B kompleks dan vitamin C. Mengonsumsi vitamin yang cukup merupakan salah satu cara untuk mempertahankan kesehatan di tengah pandemi Covid-19 yang terjadi saat ini. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui gambaran kecukupan vitamin larut air pada mahasiswa semester VI di Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado selama masa pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan survei deskriptif yang dilaksanakan di Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado pada bulan Mei-November 2020 dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 128 responden. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan yaitu Formulir Food Record untuk mendapatkan data asupan makanan dari responden selama 2 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar responden memiliki asupan vitamin B1 yang kurang yaitu 86,7% dan responden dengan asupan vitamin B1 yang cukup yaitu 13,3%. Dari hasil penelitian ini juga diketahui responden yang memiliki asupan vitamin B2 yang kurang yaitu 82,8% dan responden dengan asupan vitamin B2 yang cukup yaitu 17,2%. Untuk asupan vitamin B6 diperoleh bahwa sebagian besar responden memiliki asupan vitamin B6 yang kurang yaitu 69,5% dan responden dengan asupan vitamin B6 yang cukup yaitu 30,5%. Adapun responden yang memiliki asupan vitamin C yang kurang yaitu 93,8% dan responden dengan asupan vitamin C yang cukup yaitu 6,3%. Kata Kunci: Kecukupan Vitamin Larut Air, Mahasiswa, Covid-19 ABSTRACTVitamins are compounds that the body needs in small amounts for metabolic processes. According to its solubility, vitamins are divided into fat-soluble vitamins and water soluble vitamins. Water soluble vitamins include vitamin B complex and vitamin C. Consuming adequate vitamins is one way to maintain health amid the current Covid-19 outbreak. The purpose of this study was to determine the adequacy of water soluble vitamins in semester VI students at the Faculty of Public Health of Sam Ratulangi University Manado during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research is a quantitative study with a descriptive survey conducted at the Faculty of Public Health of Sam Ratulangi University Manado in May-November 2020 with a total sample of 128 respondents. The research instrument used was the Food Record Form to obtain food intake data from respondents for 2 days. The results showed that the most of the respondents had less vitamin B1 intake, namely 86.7% and respondents with sufficient vitamin B1 intake namely 13.3%. From the results of this study, it was also known that respondents who had less vitamin B2 intake were 82.8% and respondents who had sufficient vitamin B2 intake were 17.2%. For the intake of vitamin B6, it was found that most of the respondents had insufficient intake of vitamin B6, namely 69.5% and respondents with sufficient intake of vitamin B6 namely 30.5%. Respondents who had insufficient vitamin C intake were 93.8% and respondents with sufficient vitamin C intake were 6.3%. Keywords: Adequacy of Water Soluble Vitamins, Students, Covid-1

An approach for building occupancy modelling considering the urban context

Building occupancy, which reflects occupant presence, movements and activities within the building space, is a key factor to consider in building energy modelling and simulation. Characterising complex occupant behaviours and their determinants poses challenges from the sensing, modelling, interpretation and prediction perspectives. Past studies typically applied time-dependent models to predict regular occupancy patterns for commercial buildings. However, this prevalent reliance on purely time-of-day effects is typically not sufficient to accurately characterise the complex occupancy patterns as they may vary with building’s surrounding conditions, i.e. the urban environment. Therefore, this research proposes a conceptual framework to incorporate the interactions between urban systems and building occupancy. Under the framework, we propose a novel modelling methodology relying on competing risk hazard formulation to analyse the occupancy of a case study building in London, UK. The occupancy profiles were inferred from the Wi-Fi connection logs extracted from the existing Wi-Fi infrastructure. When compared with the conventional discrete-time Markov Chain Model (MCM), the hazard-based modelling approach was able to better capture the duration dependent nature of the transition probabilities as well as incorporate and quantify the influence of the local environment on occupancy transitions. The work has demonstrated that this approach enables a convenient and flexible incorporation of urban dependencies leading to accurate occupancy predictions whilst providing the ability to interpret the impacts of urban systems on building occupancy. Keywords: Urban system; Competing risk hazard model; Building occupancy simulation; Wi4 Fi connection dat