In Vitro Effects of Some Insecticides on Rumen Fluid Fermentation

A study to investigate the effects of different levels (0,5,10 and 15ppm) of three insecticides (Endosulfan, Phosalone and Chlorpyrifos) on rumen fluid fermentation characteristics (rumen pH, rumen ammonia, rumen V FA and in vitro dry matter disappearance) was carried out in the laboratory of biology in the University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan in 1998. The study indicated that all the levels of each insecticide significantly (P<0.05) inhibited the in vitro dry matter disappearance )IVDMD), the rumen fluid volatile fatty acids and the rumen fluid total protozoa, and elevated the rumen fluid ammonia compared to the control. However, the rumen fluid pH was not affected. Also, the study revealed that endosulfan significantly (P<0.05) inhibited the rumen protozoa and the IVDMD percent than both phosalpne and chlorpyrifos

Seroprevalence of camel brucellosis in Qatar

Brucellosis is a significant zoonotic disease and one of the most common neglected diseases worldwide. It can infect a wide range of domestic and wild animal species. Infected animals are usually culled, causing substantial economic losses to animal owners and the country’s economy in general. The disease is endemic among cattle, sheep, and goats in many countries around the Middle East and prevalent in most Gulf Cooperation Council countries, comprising a significant public health risk in the region. This study investigated the seroprevalence of brucellosis among camels in Qatar. Two hundred and forty-eight samples were collected from dromedary camels from 28 farms across the entire country. Each sample was tested for Brucella antibodies with both Rose Bengal and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Only samples that tested positive by both tests were considered seropositive for brucellosis. The overall prevalence was (20.6%, 95% CI, 15.7–26.1). The association between sex and seropositivity was slightly significant (Χ2 = 4.32, P = 0.04), with higher seroprevalence in females. Camels below breeding age (i.e., < 4 years old) showed decreased seropositivity (3.4%, 95% CI, 0.1–17.8), compared to (22.8%, 95% CI, 17.4–29.0) seropositivity in camels ≥ 4 years of age, with a significant association between age groups and seropositivity (P = 0.02). Our results indicate that the seroprevalence of brucellosis in Qatar’s camels is alarming, mandating more efforts to control the disease. The findings of this study will aid in selecting better effective measures to control camel brucellosis in Qatar. Further studies need to be conducted on Brucella infection among camels to determine the predisposing risk factors and the steps that should be followed to control brucellosis.Open Access funding provided by the Qatar National Library. This work was supported by Qatar University grant number QUCG-BRC-20/21–2 and high potential projects program QPH3P-BRC-2021–604 to Nahla O. Eltai