Upstream activation element of the PH03 gene encoding for thiamine-repressible acid phosphatase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

AbstractThe PH03 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes thiamine-repressible acid phosphatase and requires the positively acting regulatory protein TH12 for its expression. Deletion analysis of the 5′-flanking region of PH03 gene revealed that an activating region located at nucleotide position −234 to −215 relative to the translation initiation codon is required for the expression and sensitivity to thiamine. A chemically synthesized DNA fragment covering −234 to −215 showed a significant level of expression when inserted in front of the PH03 promoter lacking the activating region. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay demonstrated the presence of proteins that bound to the above DNA fragment in the nuclear extract from cells grown in thiamine-free medium. These findings suggested that this region between −234 and −215 acts as an upstream activation element of the PH03 gene that can interact with regulatory proteins

Piccole capitali creative

Nel secolo urbano che abbiamo di fronte, la citt\ue0 sar\ue0 lo scenario della competizione delle energie, delle risorse umane, delle intelligenze collettive e della creativit\ue0 per la costruzione di un\u2019evoluzione pi\uf9 compatibile con le identit\ue0 e le vocazioni e pi\uf9 sostenibile rispetto alle risorse ed alle sensibilit\ue0 del territorio. I segnali delle sue forme, delle sue relazioni e delle sue identit\ue0 sono gi\ue0 evidenti in alcune citt\ue0 del presente ed ad essi sono dedicate numerose ricerche urbanistiche, sociologiche ed economiche. Ma i segnali sono evidenti e trasmettono ispirazioni e stimoli anche a chi osserva la citt\ue0 per mestiere di progettista, di pianificatore, di stratega dello sviluppo. Il XXI secolo sar\ue0 l\u2019era indiscussa delle citt\ue0 e su di esse si misurer\ue0 lo sviluppo delle nazioni. Per la prima volta, pi\uf9 della met\ue0 della popolazione mondiale vivr\ue0 nelle citt\ue0, in Europa oggi la cifra \ue8 gi\ue0 di oltre il 75%, e nei paesi in via di sviluppo raggiunger\ue0 velocemente il 50%. Il mondo si svilupper\ue0 sia attorno a grandi megalopoli da decine di milioni di abitanti, ma anche attorno a citt\ue0 metropolitane, a conurbazioni diffuse e ad armature di micropoli: all\u2019armatura urbana delle citt\ue0 globali si annoder\ue0, soprattutto in Europa, l\u2019armatura delle citt\ue0 di secondo livello, produttrici di visioni alternative rispetto all\u2019esplosione delle megalopoli. L\u2019armatura urbana europea di secondo livello \u2013 le piccole capitali, sempre pi\uf9 citt\ue0-porta \u2013 si delinea come annodata attorno a \u201ccitt\ue0 della cultura\u201d, nel senso di citt\ue0 non solo detentrici di risorse culturali profonde lasciate dal palinsesto della storia, ma anche produttrici di nuova cultura: le culture-based competition cities saranno, infatti, quelle citt\ue0 in grado di competere nel panorama internazionale attraverso la valorizzazione e la promozione della propria identit\ue0 culturale, sia consolidata che in evoluzione

Acute impact of conventional and eccentric cycling on platelet and vascular function in patients with chronic heart failure.

Evidence-based guidelines recommend exercise therapy for patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Such patients have increased atherothrombotic risk. Exercise can transiently increase platelet activation and reactivity and decrease vascular function in healthy participants, although data in CHF is scant. Eccentric (ECC) cycling is a novel exercise modality which may be particularly suited to patients with CHF, but the acute impacts of ECC on platelet and vascular function are currently unknown. Our null hypothesis was that ECC and concentric (CON) cycling, performed at matched external workloads, would not induce changes in platelet or vascular function in patients with CHF. Eleven patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) took part in discrete bouts of ECC and CON cycling. Before and immediately after exercise, vascular function was assessed by measuring diameter and flow mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery. Platelet function was measured by the flow cytometric determination of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa activation and granule exocytosis in the presence and absence of platelet agonists. ECC increased baseline artery diameter (pre: 4.0±0.8mm vs post: 4.2±0.7mm, P=0.04) and decreased FMD%. When changes in baseline artery diameter were accounted for the decrease in FMD post-ECC was no longer significant. No changes were apparent after CON. Neither ECC nor CON resulted in changes to any platelet function measures (all P>0.05). These results suggest both ECC and CON cycling at a moderate intensity and short duration can be performed by patients with HFrEF, without detrimental impacts on vascular or platelet function

Muscle fiber conduction velocity is more affected after eccentric than concentric exercise

It has been shown that mean muscle fiber conduction velocity (CV) can be acutely impaired after eccentric exercise. However, it is not known whether this applies to other exercise modes. Therefore, the purpose of this experiment was to compare the effects of eccentric and concentric exercises on CV, and amplitude and frequency content of surface electromyography (sEMG) signals up to 24 h post-exercise. Multichannel sEMG signals were recorded from biceps brachii muscle of the exercised arm during isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and electrically evoked contractions induced by motor-point stimulation before, immediately after and 2 h after maximal eccentric (ECC group, N = 12) and concentric (CON group, N = 12) elbow flexor exercises. Isometric MVC decreased in CON by 21.7 ± 12.0% (± SD, p < 0.01) and by 30.0 ± 17.7% (p < 0.001) in ECC immediately post-exercise when compared to baseline. At 2 h post-exercise, ECC showed a reduction in isometric MVC by 24.7 ± 13.7% (p < 0.01) when compared to baseline, while no significant reduction (by 8.0 ± 17.0%, ns) was observed in CON. Similarly, reduction in CV was observed only in ECC both during the isometric MVC (from baseline of 4.16 ± 0.3 to 3.43 ± 0.4 m/s, p < 0.001) and the electrically evoked contractions (from baseline of 4.33 ± 0.4 to 3.82 ± 0.3 m/s, p < 0.001). In conclusion, eccentric exercise can induce a greater and more prolonged reduction in muscle force production capability and CV than concentric exercis

Significant nutrient consumption in the dark subsurface layer during a diatom bloom: a case study on Funka Bay, Hokkaido, Japan

We conducted repetitive observations in Funka Bay, Hokkaido, Japan, on 15 February, 4 and 15 March, and 14 April 2019. The diatom spring bloom peaked on 4 March and started declining on 15 March. Funka Bay winter water remained below 30 m depth, which was below the surface mixed-layer and dark-layer depth (0.1 % of the surface photosynthetically active radiation, PAR, depth) on 4 and 15 March. In the subsurface layer at depths of 30–50 m, concentrations of NO3-, PO43-, and Si(OH)4 decreased by half between these dates, even in the dark. Incubation experiments using the diatom Thalassiosira nordenskioeldii showed that this diatom could consume added nutrients in the dark at substantial rates after pre-culturing to deplete nutrients. Incubation experiments using natural seawater collected in the growing phase of the bloom on 8 March 2022 also showed that nutrient-depleted phytoplankton could consume added nutrients in the dark. We excluded three physical process – water mixing, diffusive transport, and subduction – as possible main reasons for the decrease in nutrients in the subsurface layer. We conclude that the nutrient reduction in the subsurface layer (30–50 m) between 4 and 15 March 2019 could be explained by nutrient consumption by diatoms in the dark in that layer.</p

Potential therapeutic effects of branched-chain amino acids supplementation on resistance exercise-based muscle damage in humans

Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) supplementation has been considered an interesting nutritional strategy to improve skeletal muscle protein turnover in several conditions. In this context, there is evidence that resistance exercise (RE)-derived biochemical markers of muscle soreness (creatine kinase (CK), aldolase, myoglobin), soreness, and functional strength may be modulated by BCAA supplementation in order to favor of muscle adaptation. However, few studies have investigated such effects in well-controlled conditions in humans. Therefore, the aim of this short report is to describe the potential therapeutic effects of BCAA supplementation on RE-based muscle damage in humans. The main point is that BCAA supplementation may decrease some biochemical markers related with muscle soreness but this does not necessarily reflect on muscle functionality