2,078 research outputs found
Unwelcome Imports: Racism, Sexism, and Foreign Investment
This article will address the problems minorities and women face from Japanese foreign direct investment. This article focuses on Japanese direct investment because the rapid rise in Japan\u27s direct investment in the United States, combined with a record of discrimination by Japanese firms in Japan and abroad, makes Japanese investment the best example of the problems addressed in this article. However, the discriminatory attitudes described here may well be held by other foreign investors, and therefore, the legislation proposed later in this article addresses a broader problem
Ionization dynamics of iron plumes generated by laser ablation versus a laserâablationâassistedâplasma discharge ion source
The ionization dynamics (iron ion and neutral atom absolute line densities) produced in the KrF excimer laser ablation of iron and a laserâablationâassisted plasma discharge (LAAPD) ion source have been characterized by a new dyeâlaserâbased resonant ultraviolet interferometry diagnostic. The ablated material is produced by focusing a KrF excimer laser (248 nm,<1 J, 40 ns) onto a solid iron target. The LAAPD ion source configuration employs an annular electrode in front of the grounded target. Simultaneous to the excimer laser striking the target, a threeâelement, inductorâcapacitor, pulseâforming network is discharged across the electrodeâtarget gap. Peak discharge parameters of 3600 V and 680 A yield a peak discharge power of 1.3 MW through the laser ablation plume. Iron neutral atom line densities are measured by tuning the dye laser near the 271.903 nm (aâ5Dâyâ5P0) groundâstate and 273.358 nm (aâ5Fâwâ5D0) excitedâstate transitions while iron singly ionized line densities are measured using the 263.105 nm (aâ6Dâzâ6D0) and 273.955 nm (aâ4Dâzâ4D0) excitedâstate transitions. The line density, expansion velocity, temperature, and number of each species have been characterized as a function of time for laser ablation and the LAAPD. Data analysis assuming a Boltzmann distribution yields the ionization ratio (ni/nn) and indicates that the laser ablation plume is substantially ionized. With application of the discharge, neutral iron atoms are depleted from the plume, while iron ions are created, resulting in a factor of âŒ5 increase in the plume ionization ratio. Species temperatures range from 0.5 to 1.0 eV while ion line densities in excess of 1Ă1015 cmâ2 have been measured, implying peak ion densities of âŒ1Ă1015 cmâ3. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/70077/2/JAPIAU-79-5-2287-1.pd
Effects of laserâablation target damage on particulate production investigated by laser scattering with deposited thin film and target analysis
Experiments have been carried out to correlate ablated particulate density and size to the number of KrF excimer laser (248 nm, 40 ns, <1.2 J) pulses incident on a single location of a pure solid aluminum target and to relate particulate production to target surface damage. An analysis of laser ablation deposited aluminum films on silicon substrates was used to determine the density of ablated particulate greater than 0.5 ÎŒm in diameter. For an undamaged target, the laser deposited particulate density was on the order of 8.6Ă105 cmâ2 per 1000 shots. A damaged target (following 1000 laser pulses) produced a density on the order of 1.6Ă106 cmâ2 per 1000 shots on the substrate. Dye laser optical scattering was also used to measure, in real time, the velocity of the particulate and the relative particulate density in the laserâablation plume versus target damage. Results indicated a rapid rise in the production of particulate as target damage was increased up to 3000 laser pulses; after this number of shots the density of particulate in the laser ablation plume saturated. A peak in the scattered light for each stage of target damage occurred 40 ÎŒs after the initial KrF laser pulse, translating to a velocity of about 100 m/s for the smaller particulate (<1 ÎŒm diameter). The later scattered signal, around 160 ÎŒs, was apparently due to the larger particulate (5â15 ÎŒm), traveling at a velocity of approximately 25 m/s. Particulate production is related to the formation of laser ablationâinduced cones on the damaged targets. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/70140/2/APPLAB-68-23-3245-1.pd
Shifting new media: from content to consultancy, from heterarchy to hierarchy
This is a detailed case history of one of Londonâs iconic new media companies, AMX Studios. Some of the changes in this firm, we assume, are not untypical for other firms in this sector. Particularly we want to draw attention to two transformations. The first change in AMX and in Londonâs new media industry more generally refers to the field of industrial relations. What can be observed is a shift from a rather heterarchical towards a more hierarchical organized new media industry, a shift from short-term project networks to long-term client dependency. The second change refers to new media products and services. We want to argue for a shift from cool content production towards consultancy and interactive communications solutions
In good company: risk, security and choice in young people's drug decisions
This article draws on original empirical research with young people to question the degree to which 'individualisation of risk', as developed in the work of Beck and Giddens, adequately explains the risks young people bear and take. It draws on alternative understandings and critiques of 'risk' not to refute the notion of the reflexive individual upon which 'individualisation of risk' is based but to re-read that reflexivity in a more hermeneutic way. It explores specific risk-laden moments â young people's drug use decisions â in their natural social and cultural context of the friendship group. Studying these decisions in context, it suggests, reveals the meaning of 'risk' to be not given, but constructed through group discussion, disagreement and consensus and decisions taken to be rooted in emotional relations of trust, mutual accountability and common security. The article concludes that 'the individualisation of risk' fails to take adequate account of the significance of intersubjectivity in risk-decisions. It argues also that addressing the theoretical overemphasis on the individual bearer of risk requires not only further empirical testing of the theory but appropriate methodological reflection
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