1,235 research outputs found
Prioritizing urban sustainability solutions: Coordinated approaches must incorporate scale-dependent built environment induced effects
Fast field-cycling magnetic resonance detection of intracellular ultra-small iron oxide particles in vitro: Proof-of-concept.
PurposeInflammation is central in disease pathophysiology and accurate methods for its detection and quantification are increasingly required to guide diagnosis and therapy. Here we explored the ability of Fast Field-Cycling Magnetic Resonance (FFC-MR) in quantifying the signal of ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (USPIO) phagocytosed by J774 macrophage-like cells as a proof-of-principle.MethodsRelaxation rates were measured in suspensions of J774 macrophage-like cells loaded with USPIO (0-200 μg/ml Fe as ferumoxytol), using a 0.25 T FFC benchtop relaxometer and a human whole-body, in-house built 0.2 T FFC-MR prototype system with a custom test tube coil. Identical non-imaging, saturation recovery pulse sequence with 90° flip angle and 20 different evolution fields selected logarithmically between 80 μT and 0.2 T (3.4 kHz and 8.51 MHz proton Larmor frequency [PLF] respectively). Results were compared with imaging flow cytometry quantification of side scatter intensity and USPIO-occupied cell area. A reference colorimetric iron assay was used.ResultsThe T1 dispersion curves derived from FFC-MR were excellent in detecting USPIO at all concentrations examined (0-200 μg/ml Fe as ferumoxytol) vs. control cells, p ≤ 0.001. FFC-NMR was capable of reliably detecting cellular iron content as low as 1.12 ng/µg cell protein, validated using a colorimetric assay. FFC-MR was comparable to imaging flow cytometry quantification of side scatter intensity but superior to USPIO-occupied cell area, the latter being only sensitive at exposures ≥ 10 µg/ml USPIO.ConclusionsWe demonstrated for the first time that FFC-MR is capable of quantitative assessment of intra-cellular iron which will have important implications for the use of USPIO in a variety of biological applications, including the study of inflammation
Possible retardation effects of quark confinement on the meson spectrum
The reduced Bethe-Salpeter equation with scalar confinement and vector gluon
exchange is applied to quark-antiquark bound states. The so called intrinsic
flaw of Salpeter equation with static scalar confinement is investigated. The
notorious problem of narrow level spacings is found to be remedied by taking
into consideration the retardation effect of scalar confinement. Good fit for
the mass spectrum of both heavy and light quarkomium states is then obtained.Comment: 14 pages in LaTex for
On the Deformation of a Hyperelastic Tube Due to Steady Viscous Flow Within
In this chapter, we analyze the steady-state microscale fluid--structure
interaction (FSI) between a generalized Newtonian fluid and a hyperelastic
tube. Physiological flows, especially in hemodynamics, serve as primary
examples of such FSI phenomena. The small scale of the physical system renders
the flow field, under the power-law rheological model, amenable to a
closed-form solution using the lubrication approximation. On the other hand,
negligible shear stresses on the walls of a long vessel allow the structure to
be treated as a pressure vessel. The constitutive equation for the microtube is
prescribed via the strain energy functional for an incompressible, isotropic
Mooney--Rivlin material. We employ both the thin- and thick-walled formulations
of the pressure vessel theory, and derive the static relation between the
pressure load and the deformation of the structure. We harness the latter to
determine the flow rate--pressure drop relationship for non-Newtonian flow in
thin- and thick-walled soft hyperelastic microtubes. Through illustrative
examples, we discuss how a hyperelastic tube supports the same pressure load as
a linearly elastic tube with smaller deformation, thus requiring a higher
pressure drop across itself to maintain a fixed flow rate.Comment: 19 pages, 3 figures, Springer book class; v2: minor revisions, final
form of invited contribution to the Springer volume entitled "Dynamical
Processes in Generalized Continua and Structures" (in honour of Academician
D.I. Indeitsev), eds. H. Altenbach, A. Belyaev, V. A. Eremeyev, A. Krivtsov
and A. V. Porubo
Multi-channel phase-equivalent transformation and supersymmetry
Phase-equivalent transformation of local interaction is generalized to the
multi-channel case. Generally, the transformation does not change the number of
the bound states in the system and their energies. However, with a special
choice of the parameters, the transformation removes one of the bound states
and is equivalent to the multi-channel supersymmetry transformation recently
suggested by Sparenberg and Baye. Using the transformation, it is also possible
to add a bound state to the discrete spectrum of the system at a given energy
if the angular momentum at least in one of the coupled channels .Comment: 9 pages, revtex; to be published in Phys. At. Nucl. (Oct. 2000
Neurophysiology
Contains research objectives and summary of research on ten research projects.National Institutes of Health (Grant 5 R01 EY01149-02)National Institutes of Health (Grant 1 T01 EY00090-01)Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc. (Grant)National Institutes of Health (Grant 5 TO1 GM00778-19)National Institutes of Health (Grant 5 TO1 GM01555-08
Large Possible retardation effects of quark confinement on the meson spectrum II
We present the results of a study of heavy-light-quark bound states in the
context of the reduced Bethe-Salpeter equation with relativistic vector and
scalar interactions. We find that satisfactory fits may also be obtained when
the retarded effect of the quark-antiquark interaction is concerned.Comment: 11 pages, RevTex, to appear in PR
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ETEdit v.8.1 user's manual.
This user's guide documents the capabilities and functions of the Expanded Time Phase Force Deployment Data (TPFDD) Editor (ETEdit) software application. Step-by-step procedures for using ETEdit are provided in Chapter 5. Although ETEdit is primarily an editing tool for use with various software applications, it can also be used as a stand-alone application or in tandem with another application. It provides force module data that allow you to display and modify movement requirements, as well as to display the requirement line numbers (RLNs) for both detail and parent hierarchy. The primary purpose of ETEdit is to make changes to TPFDDs. Because it has been designed as a separate application, you can apply the ETEdit capabilities for use with other models
Information Visualisation for Project Management: Case Study of Bath Formula Student Project
This paper contributes to a better understanding and design of dashboards for monitoring of engineering projects based on the projects’ digital footprint and user-centered design approach. The paper presents an explicit insight-based framework for the evaluation of dashboard visualisations and compares the performance of two groups of student engineering project managers against the framework: a group with the dashboard visualisations and a group without the dashboard. The results of our exploratory study demonstrate that student project managers who used the dashboard generated more useful information and exhibited more complex reasoning on the project progress, thus informing knowledge of the provision of information to engineers in support of their project understanding
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