13,757 research outputs found
Weakly nonlinear stability analysis of MHD channel flow using an efficient numerical approach
We analyze weakly nonlinear stability of a flow of viscous conducting liquid
driven by pressure gradient in the channel between two parallel walls subject
to a transverse magnetic field. Using a non-standard numerical approach, we
compute the linear growth rate correction and the first Landau coefficient,
which in a sufficiently strong magnetic field vary with the Hartmann number as
and
. These
coefficients describe a subcritical transverse velocity perturbation with the
equilibrium amplitude
which exists at Reynolds numbers below the linear stability threshold
We find that the flow
remains subcritically unstable regardless of the magnetic field strength. Our
method for computing Landau coefficients differs from the standard one by the
application of the solvability condition to the discretized rather than
continuous problem. This allows us to bypass both the solution of the adjoint
problem and the subsequent evaluation of the integrals defining the inner
products, which results in a significant simplification of the method.Comment: 16 pages, 10 figures, revised version (to appear in Phys Fluids
Measurement of the complex Faraday angle in thin-film metals and high temperature superconductors
A sensitive polarization modulation technique uses photoelastic modulation
and hetrodyne detection to simultaneously measure the Faraday rotation and
induced ellipticity in light transmitted by semiconducting and metallic
samples. The frequencies measured are in the mid-infrared and correspond to the
spectral lines of a CO2 laser. The measured temperature range is continuous and
extends from 35 to 330K. Measured samples include GaAs and Si substrates, gold
and copper films, and YBCO and BSCCO high temperature superconductors.Comment: 12 pages of text, 6 figures, fixed typos in formulas, added figur
Higher order first integrals of motion in a gauge covariant Hamiltonian framework
The higher order symmetries are investigated in a covariant Hamiltonian
formulation. The covariant phase-space approach is extended to include the
presence of external gauge fields and scalar potentials. The special role of
the Killing-Yano tensors is pointed out. Some non-trivial examples involving
Runge-Lenz type conserved quantities are explicitly worked out.Comment: 13 pages, references added, accepted for publication in MPL
T>0 ensemble state density functional theory revisited
A logical foundation of equilibrium state density functional theory in a
Kohn-Sham type formulation is presented on the basis of Mermin's treatment of
the grand canonical state. it is simpler and more satisfactory compared to the
usual derivation of ground state theory, and free of remaining open points of
the latter. It may in particular be relevant with respect to cases of
spontaneous symmetry breaking like non-collinear magnetism and orbital order.Comment: 7 pages, no figure
Superfluidity and excitations at unitarity
We present lattice results for spin-1/2 fermions at unitarity, where the
effective range of the interaction is zero and the scattering length is
infinite. We measure the spatial coherence of difermion pairs for a system of
6, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26 particles with equal numbers of up and down spins in a
periodic cube. Using Euclidean time projection, we analyze ground state
properties and transient behavior due to low-energy excitations. At
asymptotically large values of t we see long-range order consistent with
spontaneously broken U(1) fermion-number symmetry and a superfluid ground
state. At intermediate times we see exponential decay in the t-dependent signal
due to an unknown low-energy excitation. We probe this low-energy excitation
further by calculating two-particle correlation functions. We find that the
excitation has the properties of a chain of particles extending across the
periodic lattice.Comment: 40 pages, 19 figures, revised version includes new data on
two-particle density correlation
Modeling interactions for resonant p-wave scattering
In view of recent experiments on ultra-cold polarized fermions, the
zero-range potential approach is generalized to situations where two-body
scattering is resonant in the p-wave channel. We introduce a modified scalar
product which reveals a deep relation between the geometry of the Hilbert space
and the interaction. This formulation is used to obtain a simple interpretation
for the transfer rates between atomic and molecular states within a two
branches picture of the many-body system close to resonance. At resonance, the
energy of the dilute gas is found to vary linearly with density.Comment: 4 page
Nonequilibrium Fock space for the electron transport problem
Based on the formalism of thermo field dynamics we propose a concept of
nonequilibrium Fock space and nonequilibrium quasiparticles for quantum
many-body system in nonequilibrium steady state. We develop a general theory as
well as demonstrate the utility of the approach on the example of electron
transport through the interacting region. The proposed approach is compatible
with advanced methods of electronic structure calculations such as coupled
cluster theory and configuration interaction
Elastic Behavior of a Two-dimensional Crystal near Melting
Using positional data from video-microscopy we determine the elastic moduli
of two-dimensional colloidal crystals as a function of temperature. The moduli
are extracted from the wave-vector-dependent normal mode spring constants in
the limit and are compared to the renormalized Young's modulus of the
KTHNY theory. An essential element of this theory is the universal prediction
that Young's modulus must approach at the melting temperature. This is
indeed observed in our experiment.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
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