2 research outputs found
Morphology, Mineralogy, and Solid–Liquid Phase Separation Characteristics of Cu and Zn Precipitates Produced with Biogenic Sulfide
The morphology, mineralogy,
and solid–liquid phase separation
of the Cu and Zn precipitates formed with sulfide produced in a sulfate-reducing
bioreactor were studied at pH 3, 5, and 7. The precipitates formed
at pH 7 display faster settling rates, better dewaterability, and
higher concentrations of settleable solids as compared to the precipitates
formed at pH 3 and 5. These differences were linked to the agglomeration
of the sulfidic precipitates and coprecipitation of the phosphate
added to the bioreactor influent. The Cu and Zn quenched the intensity
of the dissolved organic matter peaks identified by fluorescence–excitation
emission matrix spectroscopy, suggesting a binding mechanism that
decreases supersaturation, especially at pH 5. X-ray absorption fine
structure spectroscopy analyses confirmed the precipitation of Zn–S
as sphalerite and Cu–S as covellite in all samples, but also
revealed the presence of Zn sorbed on hydroxyapatite. These analyses
further showed that CuS structures remained amorphous regardless of
the pH, whereas the ZnS structure was more organized at pH 5 as compared
to the ZnS formed at pH 3 and 7, in agreement with the cubic sphalerite-type
structures observed through scanning electron microscopy at pH 5
Genetic associations at 53 loci highlight cell types and biological pathways relevant for kidney function
Reduced glomerular filtration rate defines chronic kidney disease and is associated with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. We conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), combining data across 133,413 individuals with replication in up to 42,166 individuals. We identify 24 new and confirm 29 previously identified loci. Of these 53 loci, 19 associate with eGFR among individuals with diabetes. Using bioinformatics, we show that identified genes at eGFR loci are enriched for expression in kidney tissues and in pathways relevant for kidney development and transmembrane transporter activity, kidney structure, and regulation of glucose metabolism. Chromatin state mapping and DNase I hypersensitivity analyses across adult tissues demonstrate preferential mapping of associated variants to regulatory regions in kidney but not extra-renal tissues. These findings suggest that genetic determinants of eGFR are mediated largely through direct effects within the kidney and highlight important cell types and biological pathways