269 research outputs found
Required precision of mass and half-life measurements for r-process nuclei planned at future RI-beam facilities
In order to understand the r-process nucleosynthesis, we suggest precision
required for mass and beta-decay half-life measurements planned at future
RI-beam facilities. To satisfy a simple requirement that we put on nuclear
model predictions, it is concluded that the detectors for the mass measurements
must have a precision of 1sigma ~< 250 keV, and that the detectors for the
half-life measurements demand a precision of 1sigma ~< 0.15 ms. Both the above
precisions are required at the neutron richness of A/Z = 3.0 at the N=82 shell
closure and A/Z = 2.9 at the N=50 shell closure. For the doubly magic nuclide
78Ni, a precision of 1sigma ~< 300 keV and 1sigma ~< 5 ms are required,
respectively, for mass and half-life measurements. This analysis aims to
provide a first rough guide for ongoing detector developments.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures. in Proceedings of Int. conf. The Future
Astronuclear Physics, From microscopic puzzles to macroscopic nightmares,
Eds. H.M.J. Boffin et al., EAS Publication Series, EDP Sciences, in press
(2004
Pionic Atom Spectroscopy in the (d,3He) reaction at finite angles
We study the formation of deeply bound pionic atoms in the (d,3He) reactions
theoretically and show the energy spectra of the emitted 3He at finite angles,
which are expected to be observed experimentally. We find that the different
combinations of the pion-bound and neutron-hole states dominate the spectra at
different scattering angles because of the matching condition of the reaction.
We conclude that the observation of the (d,3He) reaction at finite angles will
provide the systematic information of the pionic bound states in each nucleus
and will help to develop the study of the pion properties and the partial
restoration of chiral symmetry in nuclei.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, 1 tabl
Competitive Interaction Model for Online Social Networksâ Usersâ Data Forwarding at a Subnet
Social Networks Ecosystem is evolving faster and Social Networks usersâ intensive activities are affecting significantly the network traffic. Generated data from different sending and receiving hosts have to be handled by network active nodes and links. In this paper, we propose to study the interaction between two types of network active hosts by using a Lotka-Volterra competitive system that considers the subnet limiting supply. We applied our proposed model to two kinds of Online Social Networksâ (OSNsâ) users characterized by the intensity of their activities from the generated data perspective. We assumed and proved that the impact of competition is flexible and subject to forwarding protocol and subnet allocated resources. By taking the competition case in the analysis of the differential equations, we show that when competition exists, one stable equilibrium point can be found if certain conditions are respected. Numerical results confirm our theoretical analysis and show that instead of treating equally at the subnet level all data from active hosts, adopting a routing protocol that takes into account the nature of data and the forwarding time is necessary for improving the overall performance of the network
The Role of Intravenous Immunoglobulins in Decreasing the Need for Exchange Transfusion in Neonates with Isoimmune Haemolytic Jaundice
Abstract: Background: Neonatal Jaundice secondary to isoimmune haemolytic anemia (Rh and ABO incompatibility) is a cause of high serum bilirubin level due to haemolysis of red blood cells secondary to transplacental passage of antibodies. Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) have been successfully used in isoimmune hemolytic jaundice and were found to decrease hemolysis leading to reduction in serum bilirubin level and subsequently decreasing the need for exchange transfusion. Patients and methods: This study was conducted on 30 full term neonates with isoimmune-hemolytic jaundice admitted in the neonatal intensive care units in New Children's hospital, Cairo University. They were randomly classified into 2 groups Group I: "Study group" (15) neonates presented with isoimmune hemolytic jaundice treated by phototherapy + single dose of I.V immunoglobulin infusion (0.5 gm/Kg). Group II: "Control group"
Nutritive value and in vitro methane production of two perennial grasses under different stocking rates in periurban areas of West-Africa
Background. In sub-Saharan Africa, pasture is the most used practice in ruminant production, and grazing areas characteristics varied in different environment. To improve ruminantsâ performances, the quality of forages represents one of the most important factors to keep under control. Objective. To quantify the effects of grazing stocking rate on the nutrient composition, energy content and in vitro fermentation characteristics including volatile fatty acids (VFA) and methane production (CH4) of two local perennial grasses Dactyloctenium aegyptium L. and Leptochloa caerulescens L. Methodology. The forage samples were collected in three locations (ZinviĂ©, GakpĂ©, Adounko) characterized by different stocking rate (low, medium and high). Their chemical composition, energy content and in vitro fermentation characteristics, including CH4 production, were determined. Results. D. aegyptium showed the highest crude protein, energy content, organic matter degradability and VFA production (p<0.01) when collected in ZinviĂ©, whereas the highest (p<0.01) structural carbohydrates (NDF) content was detected in GakpĂ© area and the highest CH4 production was recorded from the sample collected in Adounko (p<0.01). Contrariwise, L. caerulescens showed the highest level of crude protein and degradability (p<0.01) when collected in ZinviĂ©, whereas it proved the highest NDF content and the lowest lignin values (p<0.01) when collected in Adounko. The highest CH4 level was obtained from the sample collected in area of GakpĂ© (p<0.01). Higher (p<0.01) in vitro VFA production were recorded in samples collected in Adounko and GakpĂ© than in the ZinviĂ©. Implications. The results obtained in this study highlight the significant influence of urbanization and herd concentration, as well as of other environmental conditions, on the nutritional value and potential environmental impact of the studied perennial grasses. Conclusion. Samples from high grazing stocking rate locations produced more in vitro methane. Further in vivo studies are needed to confirm these results
Decay Properties of Bh and Db Produced in the Cm + Na Reaction
Decay properties of an isotope Bh and its daughter nucleus Db
produced by the Cm(Na, 5\textit{n}) reaction were studied by
using a gas-filled recoil separator coupled with a position-sensitive
semiconductor detector. Bh was clearly identified from the correlation
of the known nuclide, Db. The obtained decay properties of Bh
and Db are consistent with those observed in the 113 chain,
which provided further confirmation of the discovery of 113.Comment: Accepted for publication in J. Phys. Soc. JPN., to be published in
Vol.78 No.
Determinants of crop-livestock integration by small farmers in Benin
Despite the numerous work conducted on integrated crop-livestock systems, very little is known about factors determining farmersâ trend to integrate. Our study aimed at a socioeconomic characterization of endogenous crop-livestock integration in Benin and identification of determinants of farmersâ decision to use these practices. Two hundred and forty farmers were surveyed in three agro- ecological regions randomly selected. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information on farmerâs characteristics, production factors and agriculture and breeding by-products valorization practices. On the basis of main links between both productions, three integration levels (no integration, NI: 36%; partial integration, PI: 55%; total integration, TI: 9%) were identified and characterized according to socioeconomic characteristics of farmers. Then the multinomial logistic regression technique was used to predict the integration level of a given farmer in function of its socioeconomic characteristics. The three integration levels differ significantly (p<0.001) according to variables such as membership in farmersâ association, educational level, weight of agricultural experience, farming equipment and size of herds. The decision by a farmer to choose the total integration type significantly depends (p <0.001) on the size of his cattle herd, his membership in farmersâ association, the weight of his agricultural experience and his equipment value. Thus, integration is a practice used by small farmers with good experience in agriculture. Strategies for improving integration of cropping and breeding are to motivated farmers for cattle keeping and membership in an association.© 2015 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Keywords: Animal feeding, integrated soil fertility management, resilience, sustainabilit
Decay modes of 250No
The Fragment Mass Analyzer at the ATLAS facility has been used to
unambiguously identify the mass number associated with different decay modes of
the nobelium isotopes produced via 204Pb(48Ca,xn)(252-x)No reactions.
Isotopically pure (>99.7%) 204Pb targets were used to reduce background from
more favored reactions on heavier lead isotopes. Two spontaneous fission
half-lives (t_1/2 = 3.7+1.1-0.8 us and 43+22-15 us) were deduced from a total
of 158 fission events. Both decays originate from 250No rather than from
neighboring isotopes as previously suggested. The longer activity most likely
corresponds to a K-isomer in this nucleus. No conclusive evidence for an alpha
branch was observed, resulting in upper limits of 2.1% for the shorter lifetime
and 3.4% for the longer activity.Comment: RevTex4, 10 pages, 5 figures, submitted to PR
Optimal design of multi-channel microreactor for uniform residence time distribution
Multi-channel microreactors can be used for various applications that require chemical or electrochemical reactions in either liquid, gaseous or multi phase. For an optimal control of the chemical reactions, one key parameter for the design of such microreactors is the residence time distribution of the fluid, which should be as uniform as possible in the series of microchannels that make up the core of the reactor. Based on simplifying assumptions, an analytical model is proposed for optimizing the design of the collecting and distributing channels which supply the series of rectangular microchannels of the reactor, in the case of liquid flows. The accuracy of this analytical approach is discussed after comparison with CFD simulations and hybrid analytical-CFD calculations that allow an improved refinement of the meshing in the most complex zones of the flow. The analytical model is then extended to the case of microchannels with other cross-sections (trapezoidal or circular segment) and to gaseous flows, in the continuum and slip flow regimes. In the latter case, the model is based on second-order slip flow boundary conditions, and takes into account the compressibility as well as the rarefaction of the gas flow
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