162 research outputs found

    AFLP/SSR mapping of resistance genes to Alectra vogelii in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata l. Walp)

    Get PDF
    The parasite weed Alectra vogelii (Benth) causes significant yield reduction of cowpea in Africa. To find and map the resistance gene to A. vogelii in cowpea, a F2 population from a cross involving a resistant parent IT81D-994 and a susceptible TVX3236 was screened. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) in combination with Single Sequence Repeat (SSR) analysis was used to identify markers that may be linked to the gene Rav3 conferring resistance to A. vogelii in the cowpea cultivar IT81D-994. The analysis of F2 individuals scored for resistance showedthat a single dominant gene conditioned A. vogelii resistance in IT81D-994 with a probability of 30 to 50%. Sixty-six AFLP/SSR markers were identified. Using MAPMAKER, four linkage groups were found. The first group showed 33 markers linked to the susceptible gene. The closest identified marker was 21.4 centimorgans away from the susceptible gene. The primer combination that showed the closest linkage was 809ACG8 (E-ACG 8 + UBC-809). The second group indicated 4 markers linked together while the third and the fourth groups showed 2 markers linkedtogether respectively. No markers were found linked to the resistance gene Rav3 conferring the resistance in the cultivated cowpea cultivar IT81D-994.La plante parasite Alectra vogelii (Benth) provoque une rĂ©duction significative du rendement de niĂ©bĂ© en Afrique. Pour repĂ©rer et cartographier le gĂšne de rĂ©sistance Ă  A. vogelii, une population F2 issue d’un croisement impliquant le cultivar rĂ©sistant IT81D-994 et le cultivar sensible TVX3236 a Ă©tĂ© criblĂ©e. La technique Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) en combinaison avec des SĂ©quences Simples RĂ©pĂ©tĂ©s (SSR) a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©e pour identifier les marqueurs qui seraient liĂ©s au gĂšne Rav3 qui confĂšre la rĂ©sistance Ă  A. vogelii chez le cultivar de niĂ©bĂ© IT81D- 994. L’analyse des individus F2 montrant une rĂ©sistance indique qu’un seul gĂšne dominant conditionne la rĂ©sistance Ă  A. vogelii chez IT81D-994 avec une probabilitĂ© de 30 Ă  50 %. Soixante six marqueurs AFLP/SSR ont Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©s. A l’aide de MAPMAKER, 4 groupes de liaison ont Ă©tĂ© trouvĂ©s. Le premier groupe montre 33 marqueurs liĂ©s au gĂšne sensible. Le marqueur le plus proche identifiĂ© est Ă  21.4 centimorgans du gĂšne sensible. La combinaison d’amorces ayant des liaisons les plus proches Ă©tait 809ACG8 (E-ACG 8 + UBC-809). Le secondgroupe montre 4 marqueurs liĂ©s ensemble tandis que le troisiĂšme et le quatriĂšme groupe montrent 2 marqueurs liĂ©s entre eux respectivement. Aucun marqueur n’a Ă©tĂ© trouvĂ© liĂ© au gĂšne Rav3 qui confĂšre la rĂ©sistance au cultivar de niĂ©bĂ© cultivĂ© IT81D-994.Key words: Parasite, weeds, legumes, molecular marker

    Nitrogen and Fiber Digestion in Sheep Fed Fresh-Frozen and Field-Dried High and Low Tannin Sericea Lespedeza

    Get PDF
    Field-drying reduces extractable condensed tannin (CT) of sericea lespedeza [Lespedeza cuneata (Dum-Cours) G. Don], but effects on specific bound and unbound forms of CT and the relationship to protein and fiber digestion in ruminants are unclear. Intake and digestibility of fresh-frozen and field-dried high- and low-tannin sericea were investigated in a feeding trial with sheep (Ovis spp.). Field-drying had no effect on crude protein (CP) and fiber content of sericea, but shifted CT from extractable to bound forms. Digestion coefficients for CP, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were lower for high-tannin sericea than the low-tannin type. Field-drying had no effect on fiber digestibility but increased CP digestibility and N retention in sheep fed high-tannin forage. Apparent digestion of CT was high for all treatments, but this is likely due to difficulty in analyzing CT in fecal material. Nutritional effects of CT in sericea lespedeza are related to both total CT and proportion of bound and unbound CT in the forage

    Estimation du nombre de greffons produits par l’anacardier (Anacardium occidentale L.) : influence du genotype du porte-greffe et des parametres architecturaux

    Get PDF
    La demande en plants greffĂ©s des clones hauts producteurs d’anacardier (Anacardium occidentale L.), s’accroĂźt au fil des annĂ©es. Afin de mieux planifier la fourniture de plants greffĂ©s et satisfaire la demande, il s’avĂšre nĂ©cessaire de mettre au point une mĂ©thode simple de dĂ©termination de la quantitĂ© maximale de greffons et de plants susceptibles d’ĂȘtre produits au cours d’une annĂ©e. A cet effet, l’architecture des anacardiers issus du greffage du clone haut producteur LAX3264 sur trois porte-greffes a Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©e. Les rĂ©sultats ont rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© deux types d’architecture, semi-Ă©rigĂ©e ou Ă©rigĂ©eouverte selon le gĂ©notype du porte-greffe. Ces deux types d’architecture n’influencent pas significativement la majoritĂ© des paramĂštres Ă©valuĂ©s. En revanche, le diamĂštre Ă  10 cm du sol et l’envergure moyenne de la plante greffĂ©e ont variĂ© significativement selon le gĂ©notype du porte-greffe. Quel que soit le gĂ©notype du porte-greffe et le type d’architecture, l’envergure moyenne de la plante est un estimateur efficace du nombre de greffons produits par l’anacardier greffĂ©. L’équation d’allomĂ©trie est de type : Y= 162,4755X-376,9773. Ainsi, cette Ă©tude a permis de mettre au point une mĂ©thode simple et fiable d’estimation du nombre de greffons par plante. Mots clĂ©s: Anacardier ; architecture ; envergure ; greffons, Ă©quation d’allomĂ©trie English Title: Estimate of the number of grafts produced by the cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale L.): influence of the genotype of the rootstock and architectural parameters English Abstract The demand for grafted seedlings of the high-producing clones of cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale L.), has increased over t he years. In order to better plan the supply of seedlings and meet the producer’s request, it proves to be necessary to develop a simple method for estimating the maximum quantity of scions and seedlings likely to be produced during one year. For this purpose the architecture of the cashew trees resulting from the grafting of the high-producing clone LA X3264 on three rootstocks was studied.The results showed two types of architecture, semi-erected or openerected, depending on the rootstock genotype.These two types of architecture did not influence significantly the parameters assessed. By contrast, the diameter at 10 cm from the ground and the average span of the grafted plant varied significantly according to the genotype of the rootstock. Whatever the genotype of the rootstock and the type of archi-tecture, the average plant span was an effective estimator of the scions produced by the grafted cashew tree. The allometric equation found was : Y=162.4755X-376.9773. Thus, this study provided a simple and reliable method for estimating the number of scions of grafted cashew tree. Keywords : Cashew tree ; architecture ; span ; scions, Allometric equatio

    Biological and clinical abnormalities leading to cardiovascular disease during antiretroviral treatment in a university hospital in Abidjan

    Get PDF
    Antiretroviral drugs are involved in the occurrence of adverse effects. In CÎte d'Ivoire, HIV1 treatment protocols are non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors based. No study has been undertaken in the country about cardiovascular risk. Thus, the objective of our study was to assess the prevalence of biological abnormalities and clinical markers of cardiovascular risk during antiretroviral therapy. We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study with 238 patients who were on antiretroviral treatment including nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors for at least 6 months in the Pneumophtisiology department of the university hospital of Cocody (Abidjan). Metabolic syndrome was determined according to NCEP-ATP III criteria. Biological parameters investigated were: triglyceride, HDL cholesterol and LDL, glucose and clinical parameters: blood pressure and waist circumference. Eleven patients (4.62%) have a metabolic syndrome, 17.6% had hypertriglyceridemia. An increase in LDL cholesterol and lower HDL-cholesterol were found in both cases in 13.9% of patients and an atherogenic index greater than 4.5 in 5% of patients. Hyperglycemia occurred during antiretroviral therapy in 28% of the study population. Patients who developed hypertension and increased waist circumference during antiretroviral therapy were 9.75% and 15.5% respectively. Our results testify to the potential existence of a cardiovascular risk during the non-nucleoside inhibitor used.© 2015 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Keywords: Antiretrovirals, biological, clinical abnormalities, cardiovascular risk

    Les tumeurs intraventriculaires de l’encephale

    Get PDF
    Objectif Rapporter notre expĂ©rience des tumeurs intraventriculaires encĂ©phaliques. Methodes Etude rĂ©trospective descriptive et analytique portant sur une sĂ©rie de 19 patients traitĂ©s de Janvier 1994 Ă dĂ©cembre 2004. L’évaluatio n diagnostique s’est faite Ă  l’aide de la tomodensitomĂ©trie crĂąnio-encĂ©phalique et de l’étude neuro-pathologique des piĂšces opĂ©ratoires. Les tumeurs paraventriculaires prolabĂ©es dans les ventricules ont Ă©tĂ© exclus. RESULTATS : Il s’agissait de 12 patients de sexe masculin et 7 de sexe fĂ©minin(sex ratio: 1.71). L’ñge moyen des patients a Ă©tĂ© de 19 ans variant entre 2 et 52 ans avec un pic de frĂ©quence entre 20 et 29 ans. Le syndrome d’hypertension intracrĂąnienne a Ă©tĂ© la circonstancediagnostique la plus frĂ©quente (89.4%) et l’hydrocĂ©phalie prĂ©sente chez 78.95% des patients. La tomodensitomĂ©trie cranio-encĂ©phalique a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e dans tous les cas. Les ventricules latĂ©raux ont Ă©tĂ© lesite anatomique le plus touchĂ© (52.63%) suivi du troisiĂšme ventricule (26.32%) puis du quatriĂšme ventricule (21.05%). L’évaluation de la qualitĂ© de l’exĂ©rĂšse tumorale a montrĂ© 61.11% d’exĂ©rĂšse complĂšte contre 38.89% d’exĂ©rĂšse partielle. D’un point de vue neuropathologique l’Ependymome a Ă©tĂ© la tumeur la plus frĂ©quente (21.05%) et la majoritĂ© des tumeurs Ă©tait bĂ©nigne ou Ă  faible potentiel Ă©volutif. La mortalitĂ©globale liĂ©e aux tumeurs intraventriculaires a Ă©tĂ© de 21.04% (4 cas) avec une mortalitĂ© opĂ©ratoire Ă  10.52% (2 cas). ConclusionCe travail portant sur les tumeurs intraventriculaires dans leur ensemble semble ĂȘtre le premier effectuĂ© en Afrique subsaharienne. MalgrĂ© leur siĂšge ces tumeurs sont souvent curables lorsque le diagnostic est posĂ© prĂ©cocement. L’exĂ©rĂšse tumorale complĂšte doit ĂȘtre tentĂ©e autant que possibl

    Pseudo-mĂ©ningite inaugurale rĂ©vĂ©latrice d’une chondrocalcinose articulaire

    Get PDF
    Le syndrome de la dent couronnée (SDC) est une étiologie peu connue des cervicalgies aiguës. Il est lié le plus souvent à la chondrocalcinose articulaire (CCA), dont il constitue une des localisations atypiques. L'expression clinique du SDC, à type de cervicalgies fébriles, pose en pratique courante, la problématique d'étiologies diverses dont en particulier les infections  susceptibles d'égarer le diagnostic. Nous rapportons un cas de SDC révélé par un tableau de pseudo-méningite

    Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of Hibiscus sabdariffa petal extracts in Wistar rats

    Get PDF
    Background: Hibiscus sabdariffa is a medicinal plant rich in phytochemical compounds, which is the source of its biological properties. This study on the aqueous extract of H. sabdariffa (AEHS) was conducted to assess its hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties.Methods: It was carried out with 25 Wistar rats divided into five groups. Two groups were treated with a solution of NaCl 0.9%. One group was treated with silymarin at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight (BW). Two other groups were treated with the AEHS at different doses (100 and 200 mg/kg BW). The treatments were carried out via oral route and at single dose for 7 days. After injection of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH), blood samples were collected for the carrying out of biochemical analyses of oxidative stress markers (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, ferric reduction antioxidant parameter, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and hepatotoxicity (albumin, total and direct bilirubin, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase).Results: Three major results were obtained. The hepatotoxicity of DNPH expressed by the rats of Group 1 was significantly different (p<0.05) from those of the other groups (control, 2-4) for both hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress markers. The hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties of the AEHS and confirmation of those of silymarin through the rats of Groups 2-4 were statistically identical (p<0.05) to the control group for markers of hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress.Conclusion: These results confirm and reinforce certain therapeutic virtues of H. sabdariffa

    Un cas d’hematome extradural cervical non traumatique

    Get PDF
    L’hĂ©matome extradural cervical spontanĂ© est une pathologie rare mais une sĂ©vĂšre cause de compression mĂ©dullaire. Il requiert un diagnostic et une prise en charge urgents. Nous en rapportons un cas chez une patiente de 20 ans sans antĂ©cĂ©dent pathologique, rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© par un syndrome de compression mĂ©dullaire cervical sĂ©vĂšre (grade A de Frankel). Une dĂ©compression neurochirurgicale est intervenue avec un dĂ©lai de48H avec comme corollaire de lourdes sĂ©quelles. Les auteurs insistent sur l’intĂ©rĂȘt d’un diagnostic et d’une prise en charge prĂ©coces pour en minimiser les sĂ©quelles neurologiques

    Terrestrial small mammal diversity and abundance in TaĂŻ National Park, CĂŽte d'Ivoire

    Get PDF
    A terrestrial small mammal species survey was carried out in the TaĂŻ National Park from March to June 2010, using Sherman's live traps and pitfall traps. The aim of the study was to determine the diversity and distribution of rodents and shrews in three different habitats: primary, secondary and swamp forests. During the study period, 263 terrestrial small mammals belonging to 17 species (six Soricidae species and eleven Muridae species) were captured out of 8,610 trap-nights. For Rodents, the most frequent species were Malacomys edwardsi (n = 76) followed by Hylomyscus simus (n = 53), Praomys rostratus (n = 51) and Hybomys planifrons (n = 27). For shrews, the most frequent species was Crocidura buettikoferi (n = 12) followed by Crocidura eburnea (n = 7). The species richness (S) and diversity index (H') were higher in the secondary forest (S = 15; H' = 2.12) than the ones of the primary forest (S = 10; H' = 1.79) and swamp forest (S = 8, H' = 1.74) respectively. In the primary forest, the population of terrestrial small mammals was dominated by four species: Malacomys edwardsi (n = 32), Praomys rostratus (n = 21), Hylomyscus simus (n = 15) and Hybomys planifrons (n = 13). In the secondary forest, Hylomyscus simus (n = 29), Malacomys edwardsi (n = 23) and Praomys rostratus (n = 18) were the most abundant. In swamp forest, the most abundant species were: Malacomys edwardsi (n = 21), Praomys rostratus (n = 12) and Hybomys planifrons (n = 11). Of the listed species, two species are worthy for conservation, C. buettikoferi (NT) and G. buntingi (DD), and ten were endemic to the Upper Guinea forests. These results confirm once again the important animal diversity of the TaĂŻ National Park, which harbours numerous species endemic to the Upper Guinea forests

    Criblage phytochimique et effets d’un extrait aqueux de feuilles de Ficus exasperata Vahl. 1805 (Moraceae) sur la pression artĂ©rielle et l’activitĂ© contractile du coeur chez les mammifĂšres

    Get PDF
    L’étude des effets de l’extrait aqueux de feuilles de Ficus exasperata (FEFIX) sur la pression artĂ©rielle de lapin et sur l’activitĂ© contractile du coeur isolĂ© de rat a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e afin de vĂ©rifier l’intĂ©rĂȘt de l’usage de cette plante dans la pharmacopĂ©e africaine pour le traitement des oedĂšmes et de l’hypertension artĂ©rielle. Les composĂ©s phytochimiques et les paramĂštres de la toxicitĂ© aiguĂ« de FEFIX ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©terminĂ©s. Des doses croissantes de l’extrait aqueux de FEFIX ont Ă©tĂ© administrĂ©es au lapin afin de dĂ©terminer la DE50. L’effet de FEFIX a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ© en prĂ©sence d’atropine, de bleu de mĂ©thylĂšne et aprĂšs une hypertension induite par l’adrĂ©naline. DiffĂ©rentes concentrations de FEFIX ont Ă©tĂ© perfusĂ©es Ă  un coeur isolĂ©. Les rĂ©sultats montrent que FEFIX est essentiellement composĂ© d’alcaloĂŻdes, des saponosides et de flavonoĂŻdes. Les valeurs des paramĂštres de la toxicitĂ© aiguĂ« (DMT, DL50 et DL100) montrent que les doses pharmacologiques utilisĂ©es sont non toxiques. FEFIX induit une hypotension qui augmente avec la dose avec une DE50 Ă©gale Ă  5,46 ± 2,12 mg/kg de poids corporel (p.c.). Cette hypotension est rĂ©duite en prĂ©sence d’atropine et en prĂ©sence de bleu de mĂ©thylĂšne. FEFIX rĂ©duit l’hypertension induite par l’adrĂ©naline et ne modifie pas de maniĂšre significative l’activitĂ© contractile du coeur isolĂ© de rat. Au terme de ce travail, il ressort que l’effet hypotenseur de FEFIX rĂ©sulterait de son effet cholinomimĂ©tique et de son implication dans la libĂ©ration de monoxyde d’azote (NO), tandis que l’effet antihypertenseur serait dĂ» Ă  l’interaction de ses composĂ©s chimiques avec les rĂ©cepteurs adrĂ©nergiques.Mots clĂ©s : Ficus exasperata, hypotension, antihypertenseur, composĂ©s phytochimiques
    • 

    corecore