Irrational Beliefs in Employees with an Adjustment, a Depressive, or an Anxiety Disorder: a Prospective Cohort Study

It remains unclear if patients with different types of common mental disorders, such as adjustment, anxiety and depressive disorders, have the same irrational ideas. The aim of this prospective cohort study (n = 190) is to investigate differences in level and type of irrational beliefs among these groups and to examine whether a change in irrational beliefs is related to symptom recovery. Irrational beliefs (IBI) and symptoms were measured at four points in time: at baseline, after 3, 6 and 12 months. Results showed that diagnostic groups differed in their level of irrational beliefs and this effect remained over time. Highest levels of irrationality were observed in the double diagnosis group, followed by the anxiety disorder group and the depression group. Participants with adjustment disorders showed the lowest levels of irrationality, comparable to a community sample. We did not find differences in the type of irrational beliefs between diagnostic groups. The level of irrationality declined over time for all diagnostic groups. No differences in decrease were observed between diagnostic groups. The magnitude and direction of change in irrational beliefs were related to the magnitude of recovery of depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms over time. These results support the application of general cognitive interventions, especially for patients with a depressive or an anxiety disorder

Dimensions of Anger Reactions‐Revised (DAR‐R): Validation of a brief anger measure in Australia and Spain

Objective: A validated, brief measure of anger is needed in clinical settings to screen for problematic anger. This study examined the validity of the seven‐item Dimensions of Anger Reactions‐Revised (DAR‐R), including a version for the Spanish population. Method: Multiple psychometric instruments administered to 541 (76.6% female) adults in Australia and 1,115 (56.3% female) in Spain were analyzed. Results: A two‐factor model (anger response and anger impairment) was confirmed. Concurrent, convergent, and discriminant validity were supported. Anger response items strongly correlated with established measures of anger/aggression State‐Trait Anger Expression Inventory (Aggression Questionnaire), whereas anger impairment items strongly correlated with anxiety Generalized Anxiety Disorder‐7 and depression Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 measures. Internal consistency and test–retest reliability (3 months) were good. Cut‐off scores for problematic anger were established. There were no gender differences in anger in the Spanish sample, but Australian males had higher anger scores than females. Conclusion: Results substantiate the utility of the DAR‐R as a concise, clinically informative measure of anger

The relationship between psychiatric patients' caregiver burden and anger expression styles

WOS: 000425733600054PubMed ID: 28881076Aims and objectivesTo examine the relationship between psychiatric patients' caregiver burden and anger expression styles. BackgroundIn the caregiving process, when coping with problems, caregivers may exhibit emotional and behavioural responses, which can produce distressful results. One of these responses is angry. Examining the relationship between psychiatric patients' caregiver burden and caregivers' anger expression styles is necessary for quality of care. DesignA descriptive and relational study. MethodsThe sample for study included 60 family caregivers who were stayed with patient in psychiatry clinic during the treatment of inpatient setting of a university hospital. Data for the study were collected using the Caregiver Burden Inventory and the Trait Anger and Anger Expression Scale. The analysis of variance, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis and Pearson correlation analysis were used. ResultsThe caregivers' Caregiver Burden Inventory score was found to be 24.601.57. Gender, working status, level of intimacy with patient, status of whether or not caregiver was living with patient and status of whether or not caregiver experienced difficulties in providing care had a significant effect on the Caregiver Burden Inventory scale as a whole, as well as its subscales. This study found a positive relationship between caregiver burden and caregivers' anger expression styles (p<.05, p<.01). ConclusionThe total Caregiver Burden Inventory mean score of caregivers was concluded to be low, with some introductory characteristics and anger expression styles having an impact on the burden experienced by caregivers. Relevance to clinical practiceKnowing the anger expression styles of caregivers is important for reducing caregiver burden and improving quality of care