Feed the Future Mali: Scaling up technological and institutional livestock innovations

United States Agency for International Developmen

ADÉNOPATHIES CERVICO-FACIALES EN ODONTO STOMATOLOGIE: ÉTUDE DE 82 OBSERVATIONS.

Objectif : étudier les adénopathies cervico-faciales en rapport avec la tuberculose dans notre pratique Odonto-stomatologique. Matériels et Méthodes : Nous avons réalisé une étude rétrospective sur une période de quatre ans (janvier 2007 à décembre 2010), au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d’Odontostomatologie (CHU OS) de Bamako, sur des cas successifs d’adénopathies cervico-faciales. L’IDRT et l’anatomopathologie de la pièce biopsique ont servi pour le diagnostic étiologique de la tuberculose. Les données ont été recueillies à partir des dossiers médicaux et saisies puis analysées avec le logiciel Epiinfo.fr 6.0. Résultats : Les lésions ont concerné 82 patients dont 37 hommes (45,1%) avec un sex ratio de 0,82. La tranche d’âge la plus représentée a été celle de 20 et 29 ans (28%). Le siège anatomique privilégié était la région cervicale avec 34,14%.Nos patients ont bénéficié d’une radiographie thoracique dans 90,20% des cas. L’IDRT a été effectuée chez 72% des patients et l’adénite tuberculeuse caséo- folliculaire a été retrouvée dans 8,50% des cas. Conclusion : Notre étude a révélé une prévalence de 0,31% d‘adénopathies cervico-faciales dont 80,50% était d’origine tuberculeuse. Devant toute adénopathie cervico-faciale dans une zone d’endémie tuberculeuse, une IDRT et un examen anatomopathologique de la biopsie ganglionnaire devrait être systématique pour la prise en charge précoce de la tuberculose

Effects of maternal genotypic identity and genetic diversity of the red mangrove Rhizophora mangle on associated soil bacterial communities: a field-based experiment

Loss of plant biodiversity can result in reduced abundance and diversity of associated species with implications for ecosystem functioning. In ecosystems low in plant species diversity, such as Neotropical mangrove forests, it is thought that genetic diversity within the dominant plant species could play an important role in shaping associated communities. Here, we used a manipulative field experiment to study the effects of maternal genotypic identity and genetic diversity of the red mangrove Rhizophora mangle on the composition and richness of associated soil bacterial communities. Using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T‐RFLP) community fingerprinting, we found that bacterial community composition differed among R. mangle maternal genotypes but not with genetic diversity. Bacterial taxa richness, total soil nitrogen, and total soil carbon were not significantly affected by maternal genotypic identity or genetic diversity of R. mangle. Our findings show that genotype selection in reforestation projects could influence soil bacterial community composition. Further research is needed to determine what impact these bacterial community differences might have on ecosystem processes, such as carbon and nitrogen cycling

Knowledge Discovery Within ADS-B Data from Routine Helicopter Tour Operations

Presented at AIAA Aviation 2020 ForumKnowledge discovery or data mining techniques are widely used for anomaly detection in the commercial aviation domain to retrospectively improve operational safety. However, in the general aviation domain, especially for rotorcraft, analyses of flight data records for anomaly detection are not as prevalent. In this study, ADS-B data from a helicopter tour operator will be used to develop a prototype framework for uncovering patterns from routine flights. The ADS-B data contains two types of information: 1) time series of various flight parameters and 2) trajectory parameters. Various knowledge discovery techniques able to handle the aforementioned data types are explored and a few promising methods are applied to the ADS-B data of a helicopter tour operator in Hawaii. From the clustering results, patterns in the flight data records can be observed and can then be used by Subject-Matter Experts (SMEs) to facilitate the detection of anomalies. With this framework in place, rotorcraft operators will be able to analyze their routine flight data to not only monitor the safety of their operations but also to acquire knowledge on their operational patterns.FAA Pegasus Project

Tuberculosis drug resistance in Bamako, Mali, from 2006 to 2014.

BACKGROUND: Although Drug resistance tuberculosis is not a new phenomenon, Mali remains one of the "blank" countries without systematic data. METHODS: Between 2006 and 2014, we enrolled pulmonary TB patients from local TB diagnostics centers and a university referral hospital in several observational cohort studies. These consecutive patients had first line drug susceptibility testing (DST) performed on their isolates. A subset of MDR was subsequently tested for second line drug resistance. RESULTS: A total of 1186 mycobacterial cultures were performed on samples from 522 patients, including 1105 sputa and 81 blood samples, yielding one or more Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (Mtbc) positive cultures for 343 patients. Phenotypic DST was performed on 337 (98.3%) unique Mtbc isolates, of which 127 (37.7%) were resistant to at least one drug, including 75 (22.3%) with multidrug resistance (MDR). The overall prevalence of MDR-TB was 3.4% among new patients and 66.3% among retreatment patients. Second line DST was available for 38 (50.7%) of MDR patients and seven (18.4%) had resistance to either fluoroquinolones or second-line injectable drugs. CONCLUSION: The drug resistance levels, including MDR, found in this study are relatively high, likely related to the selected referral population. While worrisome, the numbers remained stable over the study period. These findings prompt a nationwide drug resistance survey, as well as continuous surveillance of all retreatment patients, which will provide more accurate results on countrywide drug resistance rates and ensure that MDR patients access appropriate second line treatment