RAPD PCR Confirms Absence of Genetic Variation Between Insecticide Resistant Variants of the Green Peach Aphid, \u3ci\u3eMyzus Persicae\u3c/i\u3e (Homoptera: Aphididae)

Previous allozyme analysis has revealed an apparent absence of enzyme variability in the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer). We are interested in determining the genetic relatedness of individual M persicae clones carrying different numbers of esterase 4 (E4) gene copies conferring resistance to insecticides, in order to determine how many times and in what geographic locations resistance via gene duplication may have evolved. We have therefore extended the analysis of genetic variability in M. persicae to the DNA level using random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) with single 10 mer oligonucleotide primers. Here we report a lack of variability be- tween resistant clones in Wisconsin populations even at the DNA level Further, \u27fast\u27 E4 (FE4) variants appear to be absent from Wisconsin populations, despite FE4 variants of moderate resistance (Rl) being the most common clones in the United Kingdom. These results suggest that resistance in M. persicae may have evolved a very few times and that North American populations may differ from those in Europe by founder effects

A high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy study of the Fermi resonance of CO₂ adsorbed on a Ag(110)/CO₃ layer

The adsorption of CO2 on a Ag(110) surface precovered with a saturated CO3 layer has been studied by high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS). A weakly bound state of CO2 is stabilized by the presence of carbonate. In addition to the losses of the bend (658 cm−1) and the antisymmetric stretch (2343 cm−1) fundamental modes, the presence of two peaks in the frequency region of the symmetric stretch mode have been observed. Such a loss pair is characteristic for the existence of a Fermi resonance, between the overtone of the bend and the symmetric stretch vibration, which had been studied in detail for the gas phase CO2 molecule. By use of three CO2 isotopomers the existence of the Fermi resonance in the adsorbed state has been verified and the Fermi constant and the energy of the unperturbed vibrations have been determined from the isotopic shifts. The character of the CO2 molecule is almost unaffected by the bonding and it adsorbs in a tilted geometry

Improving School Leadership: The Promise of Cohesive Leadership Systems

Describes Wallace grantees' work to create a cohesive leadership system of coordinated policies between states and districts and across state agencies, states' and districts' efforts to forge cohesive policies, and the impact on instructional leadership

The first prior: From co-embodiment to co-homeostasis in early life

The idea that our perceptions in the here and now are influenced by prior events and experiences has recently received substantial support and attention from the proponents of the Predictive Processing (PP) and Active Inference framework in philosophy and computational neuroscience. In this paper we look at how perceptual experiences get off the ground from the outset, in utero. One basic yet overlooked aspect of current PP approaches is that human organisms first develop within another human body. Crucially, while not all humans will have the experience of being pregnant or carrying a baby, the experience of being carried and growing within another person's body is universal. Specifically, we focus on the development of minimal selfhood in utero as a process co-embodiment and co-homeostasis, and highlight their close relationship. We conclude with some implications on several critical questions fuelling current debates on the nature of conscious experiences, minimal self and social cognition

Expressed sequence tags from \u3ci\u3eDiabrotica virgifera virgifera\u3c/i\u3e midgut identify a coleopteran cadherin and a diversity of cathepsins

The Western corn rootworm is the major pest of corn in the USA and has recently become the target for insect-resistant transgenic crops. Transgenic crops have switched the focus for identifying insecticide targets from the insect nervous system to the midgut. Here we describe a collection of 691 sequences from the Western corn rootworm midgut, 27% of which predict proteins with no matches in current databases. Of the remaining sequences, most predict proteins with either catalytic (62%) or binding (19%) functions, as expected for proteins expressed in the insect midgut. The utility of this approach for the identification of targets for novel toxins is demonstrated by analysis of the first coleopteran cadherin gene, a putative Bt receptor, and a large class of cysteine-proteases, the cathepsins

Expressed sequence tags from \u3ci\u3eDiabrotica virgifera virgifera\u3c/i\u3e midgut identify a coleopteran cadherin and a diversity of cathepsins

The Western corn rootworm is the major pest of corn in the USA and has recently become the target for insect-resistant transgenic crops. Transgenic crops have switched the focus for identifying insecticide targets from the insect nervous system to the midgut. Here we describe a collection of 691 sequences from the Western corn rootworm midgut, 27% of which predict proteins with no matches in current databases. Of the remaining sequences, most predict proteins with either catalytic (62%) or binding (19%) functions, as expected for proteins expressed in the insect midgut. The utility of this approach for the identification of targets for novel toxins is demonstrated by analysis of the first coleopteran cadherin gene, a putative Bt receptor, and a large class of cysteine-proteases, the cathepsins

Natural occurrence of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida : Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) in Guadeloupe islands

Des prospections ont été réalisées sur 538 sites en Guadeloupe (Grande Terre, Basse Terre) et dans ses dépendances (Marie-Galante, La Désirade, Petite Terre, Les Saintes, Saint-Barthélémy, Saint-Martin) pour rechercher des nématodes entomopathogènes par la technique du piège à insecte (#FGalleria mellonella$). Sur 35 sites positifs (6$ (97%) et l'un d'eux un #Steinernema$(3$ (88%) et #H. bacteriophora$(12$ appartient sans doute à une nouvelle espèce en cours d'étude. Les nématodes ont été isolés en zone côtière (91,4%), en zone tropicale de basse (5,7%) et de moyenne altitude (2,9%). Aucun nématode n'a été trouvé en zone montagneuse. (Résumé d'auteur