19,707 research outputs found
Recrystallization of epitaxial GaN under indentation
We report recrystallization of epitaxial (epi-) GaN(0001) film under
indentation.Hardness value is measured close to 10 GPa, using a Berkovich
indenter. Pop-in burst in the loading line indicates nucleation of dislocations
setting in plastic motion of lattice atoms under stress field for the
recrystallization process. Micro-Raman studies are used to identify the
recrystallization process. Raman area mapping indicates the crystallized
region. Phonon mode corresponding to E2(high) close to 570 cm-1 in the as-grown
epi-GaN is redshifted to stress free value close to 567 cm-1 in the indented
region. Evolution of A1(TO) and E1(TO) phonon modes are also reported to
signify the recrystallization process.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures
Waste Management in Some Medium Sized Metallurgical Industries
In thispaper, an attempt has been made to discuss some aspects of the nature of wastes generated and their management in some medium sized metallurgical industries, viz. mini steel plants of (1) MIs Special Steels Limtited, Bombay; (2)MIs Sun Flag Iron and Steel Company Ltd., Bhandara Road; (3) MIs IPISTEEL,Dhenkanal; (4) MlsIncast Metal Private Limited, Bhubaneswar (Steel Casting); (5)
MIs Indo Flo gates Limited, Kalunga (Refractory Castings); (6) MIs Konark Malleables Private Limited, Jagatpur (Processing of Malleables) and (7) Mr's Foundry Forge Plant, Ranchi (Forging). The wastes considered are solid, liquid and gaseous entities. The solid wastes are in the form of slag, mill scale, used refractory, used moulding sand, coal ash, saw dust, metal turnings and borings,
various dusts from flue gases and dry grinding units, lime slurry and sludges. The liquid wastes are in the form of industrial effluents at ambient and higher temperatures.
The characteristics such as pfl, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids,dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen and biological oxygen demands, oil and greases etc. are given quantitatively. The gaseous wastes consists of flue gases and fumes from furnaces and tar pots. These wastes may contain oxides of carbon, sulphur and nitrogen, cyanides, fluorides, etc. Values of these characteristics are given. Mention has been made of the requirements of the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)for the Iron and Steel Industry together with pollution control measures for better environmental management
Estimating Aging Effects in Running Events
This paper uses world running records by age to estimate a biological frontier of decline rates. Two models are compared: a linear/quadratic (LQ) model and a non-parametric model. Two estimation methods are used: 1) minimizing the squared difference between the observed records and the modeled biological frontier and 2) using extreme value theory to estimate the biological frontier that maximizes the probability of observing the existing world records by age. The results support the LQ model and suggest there is linear percentage decline up to the late 70’s and quadratic decline after that. The extreme value estimates suggest that the true biological frontier is on average about 8 percent below the existing world records. The estimated age factors are also compared to the World Master Athletics (WMA) age factors. The two sets of age factors are close except at the old ages, where the WMA factors are noticeably smaller. Also, the WMA age factors do not meet an important biological constraint
Understanding the bulk electronic structure of Ca1-xSrxVO3
We investigate the electronic structure of Ca1-xSrxVO3 using careful
state-of-the-art experiments and calculations. Photoemission spectra using
synchrotron radiation reveal a hitherto unnoticed polarization dependence of
the photoemission matrix elements for the surface component leading to a
substantial suppression of its intensity. Bulk spectra extracted with the help
of experimentally determined electron escape depth and estimated suppression of
surface contributions resolve outstanding puzzles concerning the electronic
structure in Ca1-xSrxVO3.Comment: 4 pages including 3 figure
The psychophysics of absolute threshold and signal duration: A probabilistic approach
The absolute threshold for a tone depends on its duration; longer tones have lower thresholds. This effect has traditionally been explained in terms of ?temporal integration? involving the summation of energy or perceptual information over time. An alternative probabilistic explanation of the process is formulated in terms of simple equations that predict not only the time=duration dependence but also the shape of the psychometric function at absolute threshold. It also predicts a tight relationship between these two functions. Measurements made using listeners with either normal or impaired hearing show that the probabilistic equations adequately fit observed threshold-duration functions and psychometric functions. The mathematical formulation implies that absolute threshold can be construed as a two-valued function: (a) gain and (b) sensory threshold, and both parameters can be estimated from threshold-duration data. Sensorineural hearing impairment is sometimes associated with a smaller threshold=duration effect and sometimes with steeper psychometric functions. The equations explain why these two effects are expected to be linked. The probabilistic approach has the potential to discriminate between hearing deficits involving gain reduction and those resulting from a raised sensory threshold
A Comprehensive View of Circumstellar Disks in Chamaeleon I: Infrared Excess, Accretion Signatures and Binarity
We present a comprehensive study of disks around 81 young low-mass stars and
brown dwarfs in the nearby ~2-Myr-old Chamaeleon I star-forming region. We use
mid-infrared photometry from the Spitzer Space Telescope, supplemented by
findings from ground-based high-resolution optical spectroscopy and adaptive
optics imaging. We derive disk fractions of 52 (+/-6) % and 58 (+6/-7) % based
on 8-micron and 24-micron colour excesses, respectively, consistent with those
reported for other clusters of similar age. Within the uncertainties, the disk
frequency in our sample of K3-M8 objects in Cha I does not depend on stellar
mass. Diskless and disk-bearing objects have similar spatial distributions.
There are no obvious transition disks in our sample, implying a rapid timescale
for the inner disk clearing process; however, we find two objects with weak
excess at 3-8 microns and substantial excess at 24 microns, which may indicate
grain growth and dust settling in the inner disk. For a sub-sample of 35
objects with high-resolution spectra, we investigate the connection between
accretion signatures and dusty disks: in the vast majority of cases (29/35) the
two are well correlated, suggesting that, on average, the timescale for gas
dissipation is similar to that for clearing the inner dust disk. The exceptions
are six objects for which dust disks appear to persist even though accretion
has ceased or dropped below measurable levels. Adaptive optics images of 65 of
our targets reveal that 17 have companions at (projected) separations of 10-80
AU. Of the five <20 AU binaries, four lack infrared excess, possibly indicating
that a close companion leads to faster disk dispersal. The closest binary with
excess is separated by ~20 AU, which sets an upper limit of ~8 AU for the outer
disk radius. (abridged)Comment: accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journa
Metric tensor as the dynamical variable for variable cell-shape molecular dynamics
We propose a new variable cell-shape molecular dynamics algorithm where the
dynamical variables associated with the cell are the six independent dot
products between the vectors defining the cell instead of the nine cartesian
components of those vectors. Our choice of the metric tensor as the dynamical
variable automatically eliminates the cell orientation from the dynamics.
Furthermore, choosing for the cell kinetic energy a simple scalar that is
quadratic in the time derivatives of the metric tensor, makes the dynamics
invariant with respect to the choice of the simulation cell edges. Choosing the
densitary character of that scalar allows us to have a dynamics that obeys the
virial theorem. We derive the equations of motion for the two conditions of
constant external pressure and constant thermodynamic tension. We also show
that using the metric as variable is convenient for structural optimization
under those two conditions. We use simulations for Ar with Lennard-Jones
parameters and for Si with forces and stresses calculated from first-principles
of density functional theory to illustrate the applications of the method.Comment: 10 pages + 6 figures, Latex, to be published in Physical Review
EFFECTS OF RESERVOIR AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT ON RECREATIONAL EXPENDITURES AND REGIONAL ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
Exotic aquatic plant management is a major concern for public reservoir management in many regions of the United States. A study was conducted to measure the effects of alternative aquatic plant management strategies on recreational expenditures and regional economic activity. The study areas was Lake Guntersville, Alabama, and the local economy surrounding the lake. Lake Guntersville is one of the largest reservoirs in the Tennessee Valley Authority system. Results suggested the relatively moderate levels of aquatic plant control are associated with the highest levels of recreation-related economic effects on the economy surrounding Lake Guntersville.Aquatic plants, Input-output analysis, Public reservoir management, Recreational expenditures, Regional economic activity, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,
The Student-Athlete Life/Career Portfolio: A Multifaceted Approach to Life and Career Development
The student-athlete life/career portfolio is a process that developed reflective practice and allowed for an in-depth portrayal of the experiences of each person as an individual and an athlete. The contents of the life/career portfolio provided a unique document that is far more illustrative of an individual's abilities and achievement sthan the traditional resume
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