Use of novel casing in sucuk production: Antimicrobials incorporated into multilayer plastic film

In this study, effects of novel casing, antimicrobials (chitosan and AgZeo) incorporated into multilayer polyethylene casing, on chemical and microbial attributes of sucuks were followed through 3 days of fermentation and 12 days of storage after heat treatment. Microbial growth was reduced by chitosan incorporated casing. Aerobic plate count (APC) of 8.81 log CFU g–1 on the 3rd day of fermentation was reduced to 2.60 log CFU g–1 by the end of storage. APC and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were decreased significantly (P<0.05) by antimicrobial casings. The lowest concentrations of histamine and tyramine were observed (P<0.05) in sucuks stuffed into chitosan incorporated casing. These results show that antimicrobial casing could be used in sucuk production to improve its safety and quality

Tongue and lingual salivary glands of the canary: scanning electron microscopy and histochemical study

In this study, morphological characteristics of the canary tongue were examined macroscopically and histologically besides using scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, histochemical features of the lingual salivary glands of the canary were also examined. The results suggest that the tongue of the canary has an equilateral quadrangle shape is sloped towards the apex on its dorsal surface; where its sides are bounded by tall epithelial extensions. Additionally, histological examination showed that salivary glands were only present on the body of the tongue and there were no taste buds. However, the tongue has mechanical sen­sory cell groups in its subepithelial connective tissue. Histochemical examination, demonstrated that the salivary gland epithelial cells contained carbohydrates which were composed of acidic sialo-mucins

Effect of phytase supplementation of diets with different levels of phosphorus on performance and egg quality of laying hens in hot climatic conditions

Four hundred and eighty 54-week old Nick-Brown hens were assigned to four dietary treatments. Each treatment consisted of four replications of 10 cages (three hens per cage). The experimental diets were: 4.5 g available phosphorus (aP)/kg without phytase (control); 4.5 g aP/kg with phytase; 3.0 g aP/kg without phytase; 3.0 g aP/kg with phytase. Commercial microbial phytase, Natuphos(R), was added at 300 phytase unit (FTU) /kg diet. Diets were isonitrogenous (16.5% crude protein) and isoenergetic (11.5 MJ, ME/kg). Criteria evaluated included egg production, feed consumption, feed conversion, proportion of cracked/broken eggs, egg weight, eggshell weight, eggshell strength, eggshell thickness and body weight. Phytase supplementation to the control diet (4.5 g aP/kg) and the low 3.0 g aP/kg diet significantly increased hen-day egg production from 75.49 to 77.96% and from 64.59 to 76.54%, respectively. Average daily feed consumption was significantly different between treatments: Phytase supplementation to the control and the 3.0 g aP/kg diets increased daily feed consumption significantly from 101.31 to 103.43 g/day and from 95.24 to 101.69 g/day, respectively. There were no significant differences between the treatments in eggshell weight, eggshell thickness, eggshell strength and cracked/broken eggs. Phytase supplementation to the control (4.5 g aP/kg) and the 3.0 g aP/kg diets increased egg weight significantly from 62.66 to 64.32 g. and from 62.49 to 63.98 g, respectively. The beneficial effects of phytase supplementation to laying hen diets were clearly evident under the high ambient temperatures pertaining to this study. Hens consuming the 3.0 g aP/kg diet with phytase performed as well as hens fed the diet containing 4.5 g aP/kg without phytase. Key Words: Phytase, Laying hen, Available phosphorus, Performance, Ambient temperature SA Jnl Animal Sci Vol.34(1) 2004: 13-1

On the nature of compact stars determined by gravitational waves, radio-astronomy, x-ray emission and nuclear physics

We investigate the question of the nature of compact stars, considering they may be neutron stars or hybrid stars containing a quark core, within the present constraints given by gravitational waves, radio-astronomy, X-ray emissions from millisecond pulsars and nuclear physics. A Bayesian framework is used to combine together all these constraints and to predict tidal deformabilities and radii for a 1.4~M$_\odot$ compact star. We find that present gravitation wave and radio-astronomy data favors asy-stiff EoS compatible with nuclear physics and that GW170817 waveform is best described for binary hybrid stars. In addition, this data favors stiff quark matter, independently of the nuclear EoS. Combining this result with constraints from X-ray observation supports the existence of canonical $1.4$~M$_\odot$ mass hybrid star, with a radius predicted to be $R_{1.4}=12.02(8)$~km.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure