5,468 research outputs found
PROJECT: Green Crop Lifting β an Alternative Producing Healthy Seed Potatoes in the System of Organic Farming
The standards of organic farming require the use of organically grown seeds in organic potato farming. Presumably the use of conventionally grown seeds under exceptional circumstances will end in 2003. Only organically grown seeds can be used thereafter. Therefore, it is important to check alternatives for organic potato seed production, which will reduce the cultivation risk, guarantee a high quality of seed potatoes (virus-free and healthy seed), and increase the fraction of marketable potatoes. On 7 farms in Northern Germany (4 sites in the coastal region (Schleswig-Holstein) and 3 sites in the inland region (Lower Saxony)) the green crop lifting (GCL) at two different dates was checked against the traditional process (haulm cutting) and a control plot (natural senescence) with regard to the effect of presprouting in the years 1999 to 2001. The focus of the investigation was the amount of viral load (tested with ELISA) and detection of other diseases (valuation) on / in the harvested potatoes. Yield reduction and tuber damage was recorded. Flying activity of aphids was monitored by yellow water traps.In the coastal region a very low pressure of aphids was observed over the three years. In contrast there was a higher pressure of aphids in the inland region, but only 1999 brought an early and outstanding pressure. In peak times (middle of July 1999) the number of aphids was more than 12 times higher compared to the coastal region. Only in 2000 an early aphid pressure was recorded in the middle of May. If there was a high pressure of aphids the early green crop lifting (in the middle of July) was an effective way reducing the virus diseases.Caused by the early date of GCL the total tuber yield reduction averaged out at 18,8 % over the three years compared to the control. Related to the marketable seed potatoes (28-50 mm) the yield reduction amounted 14.1 % only
Is the Sun Lighter than the Earth? Isotopic CO in the Photosphere, Viewed through the Lens of 3D Spectrum Synthesis
We consider the formation of solar infrared (2-6 micron) rovibrational bands
of carbon monoxide (CO) in CO5BOLD 3D convection models, with the aim to refine
abundances of the heavy isotopes of carbon (13C) and oxygen (18O,17O), to
compare with direct capture measurements of solar wind light ions by the
Genesis Discovery Mission. We find that previous, mainly 1D, analyses were
systematically biased toward lower isotopic ratios (e.g., R23= 12C/13C),
suggesting an isotopically "heavy" Sun contrary to accepted fractionation
processes thought to have operated in the primitive solar nebula. The new 3D
ratios for 13C and 18O are: R23= 91.4 +/- 1.3 (Rsun= 89.2); and R68= 511 +/- 10
(Rsun= 499), where the uncertainties are 1 sigma and "optimistic." We also
obtained R67= 2738 +/- 118 (Rsun= 2632), but we caution that the observed
12C17O features are extremely weak. The new solar ratios for the oxygen
isotopes fall between the terrestrial values and those reported by Genesis
(R68= 530, R6= 2798), although including both within 2 sigma error flags, and
go in the direction favoring recent theories for the oxygen isotope composition
of Ca-Al inclusions (CAI) in primitive meteorites. While not a major focus of
this work, we derive an oxygen abundance of 603 +/- 9 ppm (relative to
hydrogen; 8.78 on the logarithmic H= 12 scale). That the Sun likely is lighter
than the Earth, isotopically speaking, removes the necessity to invoke exotic
fractionation processes during the early construction of the inner solar
system
Vortices, shocks, and heating in the solar photosphere: effect of a magnetic field
Aims: We study the differences between non-magnetic and magnetic regions in
the flow and thermal structure of the upper solar photosphere. Methods:
Radiative MHD simulations representing a quiet region and a plage region,
respectively, which extend into the layers around the temperature minimum, are
analyzed. Results: The flow structure in the upper photospheric layers of the
two simulations is considerably different: the non-magnetic simulation is
dominated by a pattern of moving shock fronts while the magnetic simulation
shows vertically extended vortices associated with magnetic flux
concentrations. Both kinds of structures induce substantial local heating. The
resulting average temperature profiles are characterized by a steep rise above
the temperature minimum due to shock heating in the non-magnetic case and by a
flat photospheric temperature gradient mainly caused by Ohmic dissipation in
the magnetic run. Conclusions: Shocks in the quiet Sun and vortices in the
strongly magnetized regions represent the dominant flow structures in the
layers around the temperature minimum. They are closely connected with
dissipation processes providing localized heating.Comment: Accepted for publicaton in A&
ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌ Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ°
ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. Π ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ° Π² ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ Ρ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Π±Π°Ρ
ΡΡΠ°Π»Π° ΡΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ° Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π° Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡ Β«ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΒ» ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΈ Π΅Π΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ: ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌ Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ°. ΠΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ° (Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²) ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ» Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΡ Π°Π½ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ. ΠΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ: ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ, ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΠΊΠ°. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½Π° Π½Π° Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° 1958-1964 Π³Π³. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ» ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Ρ (ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ) Π² Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π»Ρ r-10[-3]ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Ρ ΡΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ° Ρ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ. ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π», ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π½Π°ΠΉΠ΄Π΅Π½Π° Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌ Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ Ρ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ΄Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΡ.Relevance of the research. In recent decade, regional and global climate has changed significantly due to human activities, which became comparable with natural processes. The electric field of atmosphere can serve as an indicator of anthropogenic impact, as the technical and economic environment of cities results in global deviations and modification of natural physical fields. Therefore, there is no doubt in the necessity to study the influence of the atmospheric electric field on distribution of meteorological parameters, since it allows us to reveal qualitatively the Β«thinΒ» atmospheric stratification structure of the electric field and its change owing to anthropogenic impact. The aim of the research is to consider the morphological stratification of cloud formations by the atmospheric electric field in the period of the active and quiet sun. This approach allows us to clarify qualitatively the mechanism of change in water vapor condensation (on the example of clouds) by the solar activity change as the decrease in the number of excited molecules owing to different ionization of the atmosphere, as well as to build a physical theory of anthropogenic load from industrial plants on the atmosphere and climate. Research subject: the electric field of the atmosphere, clouds. Research technique: detailed statistical analysis of the data on an aircraft sounding during the International Geophysical Year and the International Geophysical Cooperation in 1958-1964. Results. The author has obtained the estimations of radiation cross-sections for the molecules of the standard atmosphere and the condensed phase (cloud aerosols) in geometric approximation. They show that when the characteristic radius is equal to r-10[-3] cm the ionization of the condensed phase is commensurate with the background ionization. The paper introduces the correlative relationship between average water content of clouds and vertical electric field. The analysis of the results demonstrates that the average annual distribution of water content is strongly correlated with the average vertical distribution of the electric field in this region. Using the methods of the detailed statistical analysis the author revealed the relationship between the height of cloud formation and the electric field of the atmosphere. It is shown that the repetition frequency of a cloud lower boundary demonstrates the high coincidence with local sites of neutrality of a bulk charge density for the same latitude
- β¦