The relationship of ethnicity, socio-economic factors and malnutrition in primary school children in North of Iran: A cross-sectional study

related factors based on three ethnic groups among primary school children in north of Iran in 2010. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out through multistage cluster random sampling on 5698 subjects (2505 Fars-native, 2154 Turkman, and 1039 Sistani) in 112 schools. Well-trained staffs completed the questionnaire and measured students' weight and height. Malnutrition estimated the Z-score less than -2SD for underweight, stunting and wasting were calculated using the cutoffs from WHO references. Results: Generally, malnutrition was observed in 3.20%, 4.93% and 5.13% based on underweight, stunting and wasting respectively. It was more common in girls than in boys and in Sistani than in other ethnic groups. The correlation between malnutrition based on underweight and stunting and ethnicity was statisti-cally significant (P=0.001). Results of logistic regression analyses showed that the risk of malnutrition was in rural area 1.34 times more than urban area, in girls 1.17 times more than boys, in Sistani ethnic group 1.82 times more than Fars-native ethnic group, in low economic families 2.01 times more than high economic families. Conclusion: Underweight, stunting and wasting are the health problems in primary school children in north of Iran with a higher prevalence in girls, in rural areas, and in Sistani ethnic group

Inflation with TeV-scale gravity

Allowing for the possibility of large extra dimensions, the fundamental Planck scale $M$ could be anywhere in the range \TeV\lsim M\lsim \mpl, where \mpl=2.4\times 10^{18}\GeV is the four-dimensional Planck scale. If M\sim\TeV, quantum corrections would not destabilize the Higgs mass even if there were no supersymmetry. But we point out that supersymmetry must in fact be present, if there is an era of cosmological inflation, since during such an era the inflaton mass satisfies m\ll M^2/\mpl=10^{-15}(M/\TeV) and supersymmetry will be needed to protect it. If the inflation hypothesis is accepted, there is no reason to think that Nature has chosen the low value M\sim \TeV, however convenient that choice might have been for the next generation of collider experiments.Comment: 6 pages, to appear in PLB. v3 has Same conclusion stated more precisel

Transition to turbulence in particle laden flows

Suspended particles can alter the properties of fluids and in particular also affect the transition from laminar to turbulent flow. In the present experimental study, we investigate the impact of neutrally buoyant, spherical inertial particles on transition to turbulence in a pipe flow. At low particle concentrations, like in single phase Newtonian fluids, turbulence only sets in when triggered by sufficiently large perturbations and, as characteristic for this transition localized turbulent regions (puffs) co-exist with laminar flow. In agreement with earlier studies this transition point initially moves to lower Reynolds number (Re) as the particle concentration increases. At higher concentrations however the nature of the transition qualitatively changes: Laminar flow gives way to a globally fluctuating state following a continuous, non-hysteretic transition. A further increase in Re results in a secondary instability where localized puff-like structures arise on top of the uniformly fluctuating background flow. At even higher concentration only the uniformly fluctuating flow is found and signatures of Newtonian type turbulence are no longer observed

Use of multiple transmitters for 3-D non-intrusive particle tracking

A method for non-intrusive tracking of a particle in 3-dimensional space, based on processing of signals emitted from a transmitter embedded in the particle, is being developed. This method uses a mathematical model, which predicts the induced signal in receivers present in the vicinity of flowing particle, and supporting numerical techniques. Specific application aspects related to improving the accuracy of this method are presented. The focus here is the development of flexible software capable of processing information coming from multiple transmitters with known distinct spatial orientation. Implementation aspects of modified existing empirical corrections for improving model-reality agreement, and new techniques for selecting quality information to overcome stray discontinuities in position and improving the accuracy of results are discussed. Future work to foolproof the system under varying applications is suggested

Dilepton Production in e−pe^- p and e+e−e^+ e^- Colliders

In an $e^- p$ collider, a striking signature for a dilepton gauge boson is \ep \ ; this cross-section is calculated by using the helicity amplitude technique. At HERA, with center-of-mass energy $\sqrt s = 314 GeV$, a dilepton mass above $150 GeV$ is inaccessible but at LEPII-LHC, with a center-of-mass energy $\sqrt s = 1790 GeV$, masses up to 650 GeV can be discovered. In an $e^+ e^-$ collider, the signature is \ee \ . The cross-sections of this process are also calculated for the center-of-mass energies $\sqrt s = 200, 500$ and $1000 GeV$.Comment: 16 pages, 3 figures (not included), IFP-428-UN

Verifying proofs in constant depth

In this paper we initiate the study of proof systems where verification of proofs proceeds by NC circuits. We investigate the question which languages admit proof systems in this very restricted model. Formulated alternatively, we ask which languages can be enumerated by NC functions. Our results show that the answer to this problem is not determined by the complexity of the language. On the one hand, we construct NC proof systems for a variety of languages ranging from regular to NP-complete. On the other hand, we show by combinatorial methods that even easy regular languages such as Exact-OR do not admit NC proof systems. We also present a general construction of proof systems for regular languages with strongly connected NFA's

A Study of the Impact of HRD Practices and Measures to Resolve Pertinent Challenging Issues of HRD in Commercial Banks in India

A well groomed, updated and awarded employee is an organization is just like a close circuit hidden camera. This sentence speaks a lot about the importance of human resource development and its increasing popularity and widely practised character in industrial and business world. Indian commercial banking scenario is not an exception to this. Many challenging issues are being experienced in the process of HRD. Prominent among them are to include: (i) whether the expenses incurred on HRD practices and measures are to be treated as revenue expenditure or capital expenditure; (ii) how to retain the human resources once they are developed in the organization, and (iii) how to overcome the resistance shown by the employees for undergoing HRD process. Against these challenges, there is a belief among bank employees that they extend full co-operation to the HRD efforts and are ready to accept the change. Therefore, a research work entitled "ASTUDY OF THE IMPACT OF HRD PRACTICES AND MEASURES TO RESOLVE PERTINENT CHALLENGING ISSUES OF HRD IN COMMERCIAL BANKS IN INDIA" has been undertaken to know the perceptions of the bank employees in this field

Studies on the structure of poliovirus

Electron micrographs of poliovirus using negative staining technique and rotation technique suggest that the virus probably has 42 morphological subunits and 240 structural units or polypeptides. The structural units may also represent two different types of proteins