2,314 research outputs found
Wavelet analysis of atmospheric turbulence over a coral reef flat
The worldâs tropical coral reefs are at risk of severe bleaching episodes and species decline in response to
global climate variability. The ecological and economic value of reef ecosystems is enormous, yet very little is
known of the physical interactions that take place at the coralâoceanâatmosphere interfaces. This paper
introduces and validates a novel technique for the acquisition of surface energy balance measurements over
Heron Reef, part of the Capricorn Bunker Group of the southern Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Measurements
of surface energy and radiation exchanges were made using a Campbell Scientific eddy covariance
(EC) measurement system mounted on a floating pontoon anchored to the reef flat. A Nortek Vector velocimeter
was positioned next to the pontoon to record wave motion. Wavelet analysis techniques were used
to decompose the turbulent exchange of sensible heat measured by the EC unit and to compare vertical
velocity measurements with wave-induced motion recorded by the velocimeter. The results indicate that
although the EC system and the velocimeter share intermittent periods of high common power in their
respective wavelet variance spectra, these regions are not coherent and differ in strength by more than an
order of magnitude. It was concluded that over a standard averaging period of 30 min the wave-induced
motion of the pontoon would not significantly interfere with the acquisition and calculation of turbulent
fluxes of sensible and latent heat, thereby confirming the robustness of this method of obtaining surface
energy balance measurements over coral reefs
Variations in the Freshwater Snail, Goniobasis Livescens
Author Institution: Bluffton College, Bluffton, Ohi
The Effect of High Concentrations of Dissolved Oxygen on Several Species of Pond Fishes
Author Institution: U. S. Bureau of Fisheries Laboratory, Fairport, Iow
Dissolved Oxygen Profiles at Norris Dam and in the Big Creek Sector of Norris Reservoir (1937), with a Note on the Oxygen Demand of the Water (1938)
Author Institution: Biological Readjustment Division, Department of Forestry Relations (T.V.A.
Diurnal Variations in the Amount of Dissolved Oxygen, Alkalinity, and Free Ammonia in Certain Fish Ponds at Fairport, (Iowa)
Author Institution: U. S. Bureau of Fisheries, Fairport, Iow
Higher Order Decompositions of Ordered Operator Exponentials
We present a decomposition scheme based on Lie-Trotter-Suzuki product
formulae to represent an ordered operator exponential as a product of ordinary
operator exponentials. We provide a rigorous proof that does not use a
time-displacement superoperator, and can be applied to non-analytic functions.
Our proof provides explicit bounds on the error and includes cases where the
functions are not infinitely differentiable. We show that Lie-Trotter-Suzuki
product formulae can still be used for functions that are not infinitely
differentiable, but that arbitrary order scaling may not be achieved.Comment: 16 pages, 1 figur
Two inequivalent sublattices and orbital ordering in MnV2O4 studied by 51V NMR
We report detailed 51V NMR spectra in a single crystal of MnV2O4. The
vanadium spectrum reveals two peaks in the orbitally ordered state, which arise
from different internal hyperfine fields at two different V sublattices. These
internal fields evolve smoothly with externally applied field, and show no
change in structure that would suggest a change of the orbital ordering. The
result is consistent with the orbital ordering model recently proposed by
Sarkar et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 216405 (2009)] in which the same orbital
that is a mixture of t_2g orbitals rotates by about 45 alternately
within and between orbital chains in the I4_1/a tetragonal space group.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, title changed, published in PRB as a rapid com
AC susceptibility and V NMR study of MnVO
We report V zero-field NMR of manganese vanadate spinel of
MnVO, together with both ac and dc magnetization measurements. The
field and temperature dependence of ac susceptibilities show a
reentrant-spin-glass-like behavior below the ferrimagnetic(FEM) ordering
temperature. The zero-field NMR spectrum consists of multiple lines ranging
from 240 MHz to 320 MHz. Its temperature dependence reveals that the ground
state is given by the simultaneous formation of a long-range FEM order and a
short-range order component. We attribute the spin-glass-like anomalies to
freezing and fluctuations of the short-range ordered state caused by the
competition between spin and orbital ordering of the V site
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