1,730 research outputs found
Nova Geminorum 1912 and the Origin of the Idea of Gravitational Lensing
Einstein's early calculations of gravitational lensing, contained in a
scratch notebook and dated to the spring of 1912, are reexamined. A hitherto
unknown letter by Einstein suggests that he entertained the idea of explaining
the phenomenon of new stars by gravitational lensing in the fall of 1915 much
more seriously than was previously assumed. A reexamination of the relevant
calculations by Einstein shows that, indeed, at least some of them most likely
date from early October 1915. But in support of earlier historical
interpretation of Einstein's notes, it is argued that the appearance of Nova
Geminorum 1912 (DN Gem) in March 1912 may, in fact, provide a relevant context
and motivation for Einstein's lensing calculations on the occasion of his first
meeting with Erwin Freundlich during a visit in Berlin in April 1912. We also
comment on the significance of Einstein's consideration of gravitational
lensing in the fall of 1915 for the reconstruction of Einstein's final steps in
his path towards general relativity.Comment: 31 p
Verifiable and Nonverifiable Information in a Two-Period Agency Problem
I examine how a firm’s opportunity to verify information influences the joint use of verifiable and unverifiable information for incentive contracting. I employ a simple two-period agency model, in which contract frictions arise from limited liability and the potential unverifiability of the principal’s information about the agent’s action. With short-term contract, the principal benefits from both a more informative and a more conservative verification of his private information. With long-term contracts, he may prefer a less informative verification, but his preference for a conservative verification persists
Limited Liability and the Risk-Incentive Relationship
Several empirical findings have challenged the traditional view on the trade-off between risk and incentives. By combining risk aversion and limited liability in a standard principal-agent model the empirical puzzle on the positive relationship between risk and incentives can be explained. Increasing risk leads to a less informative performance signal. Under limited liability, the principal may optimally react by increasing the weight on the signal and, hence, choosing higher-powered incentives
Limited Liability and the Risk-Incentive Relationship
Several empirical findings have challenged the traditional view on the trade-off between risk and incentives. By combining risk aversion and limited liability in a standard principal-agent model the empirical puzzle on the positive relationship between risk and incentives can be explained. Increasing risk leads to a less informative performance signal. Under limited liability, the principal may optimally react by increasing the weight on the signal and, hence, choosing higher-powered incentives.moral hazard; limited liability; risk-incentive relationship
Formation for Transformation: Ecumenical Reception through Ecumenical Formation
Myers Bruce. 2022. Formation for Transformation : Ecumenical Reception through Ecumenical Formation. Eugene Oregon: Wipf & Stock. ISBN: 978166672908
Mixed Reality Architecture: a dynamic architectural topology
Architecture can be shown to structure patterns of co-presence and in turn to be
structured itself by the rules and norms of the society present within it. This two-way
relationship exists in a surprisingly stable framework, as fundamental changes to
buildings are slow and costly. At the same time, change within organisations is
increasingly rapid and buildings are used to accommodate some of that change. This
adaptation can be supported by the use of telecommunication technologies, overcoming
the need for co-presence during social interaction. However, often this results in a loss
of accountability or ‘civic legibility’, as the link between physical location and social
activity is broken. In response to these considerations, Mixed Reality Architecture
(MRA) was developed. MRA links multiple physical spaces across a shared 3D virtual
world. We report on the design of MRA, including the key concept of the Mixed Reality
Architectural Cell, a novel architectural interface between architectural spaces that are
remote to each other. An in-depth study lasting one year and involving six office-based
MRACells, used video recordings, the analysis of event logs, diaries and an interview
survey. This produced a series of ethnographic vignettes describing social interaction
within MRA in detail. In this paper we concentrate on the topological properties of MRA.
It can be shown that the dynamic topology of MRA and social interaction taking place
within it are fundamentally intertwined. We discuss how topological adjacencies across
virtual space change the integration of the architectural spaces that MRA is installed in.
We further reflect on how the placement of MRA technology in different parts of an
office space (deep or shallow) impacts on the nature of that particular space. Both the
above can be shown to influence movement through the building and social interaction
taking place within it. These findings are directly relevant to new buildings that need to
be designed to accommodate organisational change in future but also to existing
building stock that might be very hard to adapt. We are currently expanding the system
to new sites and are planning changes to the infrastructure of MRA as well as its
interactional interface
The Budde Effect in Halogens
This paper deals with the Budde Effect in Halogens@IAC
Book Reviews
Wesleyan Perspectives on the New Creation
M. Douglas Meeks, ed.
Nashville: Kingswood,
2004, 200 pp., paper, 2004, 25.00
Reviewed by Elaine A. Heath
The Evangelical Moment: The Promise of an American Religion
By Kenneth J. Collins
Grand Rapids: Baker Academic Press
2005, 288 pp., paper, 22.99
Reviewed by Nathan Crawford
Theology as History and Hermeneutics: A Post-Critical Evangelical Conversation with Contemporary Theology
Laurence W. Wood
Lexington: Emeth Publisher
2004, 261 pp.
Reviewed by Nathan Crawford
Resistance and Theological Ethics
Ronald H. Stone and Robert L. Stivers, eds.
Lanham, Maryland: Roman & Littlefield Publishers
2004, ri, 334 pp. paper, 28.95
Reviewed by Joerg Rieger
The Ripple Church: Multiply Your Ministry by Parenting New Churches
Phil Stevenson
Indianapolis, IN: Wesleyan Publishing House
2004. pp. 186, 35.00
Reviewed by John N. Oswalt
God is Not Religious, Nice, One of Us, an American, a Capitalist
D. Brent Laytham, ed.
Grand Rapids, Michigan: Press.
2004, 152 pp., paper, 19.95
Reviewed by Charles M. Woo
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