Evidence for Magnetic Field Induced Changes of the Phase of Tunneling States: Spontaneous Echoes in (KBr)1−x_{1-x}(KCN)x_x in Magnetic Fields

Recently, it has been discovered that in contrast to expectations the low-temperature dielectric properties of some multi-component glasses depend strongly on magnetic fields. In particular, the low-frequency dielectric susceptibility and the amplitude of coherent polarization echoes show striking non-monotonic magnetic field dependencies. The low-temperature dielectric response of these materials is governed by atomic tunneling systems. We now have investigated the coherent properties of tunneling states in a crystalline host in magnetic fields up to 230$$mT. Two-pulse echo experiments have been performed on a KBr crystal containing about 7.5% CN$^-$. Like in glasses, but perhaps even more surprising in the case of a crystalline system, we observe a very strong magnetic field dependence of the echo amplitude. Moreover, for the first time we have direct evidence that magnetic fields change the phase of coherent tunneling systems in a well-defined way. We present the data and discuss the possible origin of this intriguing effect.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, submitted to PR

THE PREVALENCE OF PALPABLE FINGER JOINT NODULES IN DIFFUSE IDIOPATHIC SKELETAL HYPEROSTOSIS (DISH). A CONTROLLED STUDY

The presence of clinically palpable finger joint nodules a(Heberden's and Bouchard's nodes) was documented in 123 consecutive cases with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) of the thoracic spine and 191 matched DISH negative controls. The prevalence of palpable finger joint nodules was almost twice as frequent in cases with spinal DISH compared to controls (46% versus 31%, X2 = 7.67, P<0.01; multivariate adjusted odds ratio OR = 1.84; 95% CI: 1.14-2.98). This increase was most marked at the proximal interphalangeal joint, in males and in patients up to the age of 65 years. In addition and independent of other variables such as hyperostotic features, age and sex, the prevalence of palpable finger joint nodules was about twice as high in probands with a history of physically heavy work compared to those without (43% ver sus 26%, X = 9.18, P<0.005; multivariate adjusted odds ratio OR = 2.10; 95% CI: 1.26-3.52). From these results we con clude that DISH should be considered as an independent risk factor in the development of finger joint nodule

DIFFUSE IDIOPATHIC SKELETAL HYPEROSTOSIS (DISH) OF THE SPINE: A CAUSE OF BACK PAIN? A CONTROLLED STUDY

This is the first controlled study of the frequency of back pain in a European caucasian population with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH). Elderly patients admitted to hospital for reasons other than back pain were assessed for the presence of spinal DISH using the routine lateral chest radiograph films. A total of 106 probands (82 males, 24 females) with a mean age of 70 years fulfilled the criteria for DISH as defined previously. One hundred and seventyeight patients (117 males, 61 females) not meeting these criteria were used as controls. The prevalence of back pain was assessed by a blinded interviewer using a structured questionnaire. Our primary hymthesis was that spinal DISH positive probands had not had back pain more often than controls. The controlled study showed no statistically significant difference in pain frequency between spinal DISH positive probands and controls at any spinal level. We conclude that back pain does not occur more often in radiographically defined DISH positive probands than in controls. The radiological finding of spinal DISH, as far as it does not lead to stenosis of the spinal canal or dysphagia, thus seems to be a finding without clinical relevanc

DIFFUSE IDIOPATHIC SKELETAL HYPEROSTOSIS (DISH) OF THE SHOULDER: A CAUSE OF SHOULDER PAIN?

Shoulder pain is a common complaint and shoulder hyperostosis a frequent radiological condition. However, little is known about the association between the clinical and radiological findings. To evaluate the clinical relevance of shoulder hyperostosis we performed a controlled, blind study of 99 hospitalized probands with and without thoracospinal hyperostosis on lateral chest X-rays. The study included grading of the shoulder hyperostosis on the basis of three bilateral standard radiographs, assessing shoulder pain in a standardized way by an interviewer and recording extraskeletal causes of shoulder pain. The prevalence of shoulder hyperostosis was doubled in probands with thoracospinal hyperostosis compared to controls (X2= 5.90, F>0.025, n = 99). Shoulder hyperostosis, irrespective of thoracospinal hyperostosis, predisposed to shoulder pain (40% versus 18%, x2 = 4.06, F>0.05, n = 74). Shoulder hyperostosis in combination with thoracospinal hyperostosis (shoulder DISH) predisposed to shoulder pain to an even greater extent (46% versus 12%, x2 = 6.64, P>0.01, n = 47). We conclude that shoulder hyperostosis is a radiological finding of potential clinical relevanc

DIFFUSE IDIOPATHIC SKELETAL HYPEROSTOSIS (DISH) OF THE ELBOW: A CAUSE OF ELBOW PAIN? A CONTROLLED STUDY

Elbow pain is a common complaint and elbow hyperostosis a frequent radiological condition. However, little is known about the association between the clinical and radiological findings. To evaluate the relationship between spinal and extraspinal hyperostotic features and the clinical relevance of elbow hyperostosis we have performed the first controlled, double-blinded study of 85 hospitalized probands, 33 with and 52 without thoracospinal hyperostosis on lateral chest X-ray. Elbow and shoulder hyperostosis were graded on bilateral standard radiographs. Elbow pain was assessed by an interviewer using a standardized questionnaire and extraskeletal causes of elbow pain were recorded. The prevalence of elbow hyperostosis was increased in cases with thoracospinal hyperostosis compared to controls (82% versus 58%, X2 = 5.32, P<0.025, n = 85, odds ratio (OR) 3.30 (95% Cl 1.16-9.35)). Similarly, the prevalence of elbow hyperostosis was increased in cases with shoulder hyperostosis compared to controls (83% versus 60%, x2 = 4.51, P<0.05, n = 84, OR = 3.20 (95% CI 1.06-9.66)), emphasizing the multifocal nature of hyperostotic features. Elbow pain was only slightly more prevalent in cases with elbow hyperostosis compared to controls (21% versus l3%, x2 = 0.75, NS, OR = 1.84 (95% CI 0.46-7.44)). We conclude that elbow hyperostosis is a radiological finding of doubtful clinical relevanc

Fractal Spin Glass Properties of Low Energy Configurations in the Frenkel-Kontorova chain

We study numerically and analytically the classical one-dimensional Frenkel-Kontorova chain in the regime of pinned phase characterized by phonon gap. Our results show the existence of exponentially many static equilibrium configurations which are exponentially close to the energy of the ground state. The energies of these configurations form a fractal quasi-degenerate band structure which is described on the basis of elementary excitations. Contrary to the ground state, the configurations inside these bands are disordered.Comment: revtex, 9 pages, 9 figure

Role of serum S100B and PET-CT in follow-up of patients with cutaneous melanoma

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Increased level of serum S100B can serve as a marker of metastatic spread in patients with cutaneous melanoma (CM). In patients with elevated S100 B and/or clinical signs of disease progression PET-CT scan is a valuable tool for discovering metastases and planning treatment.</p> <p>The aims of this study were to determine whether regular measurements of serum S100B are a useful tool for discovering patients with CM metastases and to evaluate the diagnostic value of PET-CT during the follow-up.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>From September 2007 to February 2010, 115 CM patients included in regular follow up at the Institute of Oncology Ljubljana were appointed to PET-CT. There were 82 (71.3%) patients with clinical signs of disease progression and 33 (28.7%) asymptomatic patients with two subsequent elevated values of S100B. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value (PPV, NPV) of S100B and PET-CT were calculated using standard procedures.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Disease progression was confirmed in 81.7% of patients (in 86.5% of patients with clinical signs of disease progression and in 69.7% of asymptomatic patients with elevated S100B). Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of S100B was 33.8%, 90.9%, 96.0% and 17.5% in patients with clinical signs of disease progression. In 20.0% of patients increased serum S100B was the only sign of disease progression. Sensitivity and PPV of S100 in this group of patients were 100.0% and 69.7%.</p> <p>With PET-CT disease progression was diagnosed in 84.2% of symptomatic patients and in 72.7% of asymptomatic patients with elevated S100B. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of PET-CT for symptomatic patients was 98.5%, 90.9%, 98.5% and 90.9% and 100%, 90.0%, 95.8% and 100% for asymptomatic patients with elevated S100.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Measurements of serum S100B during regular follow-up of patients with CM are a useful tool for discovering disease progression in asymptomatic patients. The value of its use increases if measurements are followed by extended whole body PET-CT.</p

Amygdala inputs to prefrontal cortex guide behavior amid conflicting cues of reward and punishment

Orchestrating appropriate behavioral responses in the face of competing signals that predict either rewards or threats in the environment is crucial for survival. The basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA) and prelimbic (PL) medial prefrontal cortex have been implicated in reward-seeking and fear-related responses, but how information flows between these reciprocally connected structures to coordinate behavior is unknown. We recorded neuronal activity from the BLA and PL while rats performed a task wherein competing shock- and sucrose-predictive cues were simultaneously presented. The correlated firing primarily displayed a BLA→PL directionality during the shock-associated cue. Furthermore, BLA neurons optogenetically identified as projecting to PL more accurately predicted behavioral responses during competition than unidentified BLA neurons. Finally photostimulation of the BLA→PL projection increased freezing, whereas both chemogenetic and optogenetic inhibition reduced freezing. Therefore, the BLA→PL circuit is critical in governing the selection of behavioral responses in the face of competing signals.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Award 1R25-MH092912-01)National Institute of Mental Health (U.S.) (Grant R01- MH102441-01)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Award DP2- DK-102256-01

A Review on the Mechanical Modeling of Composite Manufacturing Processes

© 2016, The Author(s). The increased usage of fiber reinforced polymer composites in load bearing applications requires a detailed understanding of the process induced residual stresses and their effect on the shape distortions. This is utmost necessary in order to have more reliable composite manufacturing since the residual stresses alter the internal stress level of the composite part during the service life and the residual shape distortions may lead to not meeting the desired geometrical tolerances. The occurrence of residual stresses during the manufacturing process inherently contains diverse interactions between the involved physical phenomena mainly related to material flow, heat transfer and polymerization or crystallization. Development of numerical process models is required for virtual design and optimization of the composite manufacturing process which avoids the expensive trial-and-error based approaches. The process models as well as applications focusing on the prediction of residual stresses and shape distortions taking place in composite manufacturing are discussed in this study. The applications on both thermoset and thermoplastic based composites are reviewed in detail