A breakthrough dynamic-osmotic membrane bioreactor/nanofiltration hybrid system for real municipal wastewater treatment and reuse.

This study designed a Dynamic-Osmotic membrane bioreactor/nanofiltration (OsMBR/NF) system for municipal wastewater treatment and reuse. Results indicated that a continuously rotating FO module with 60 RPM in Dynamic-OsMBR system could enhance shear stress and reduce cake layer of foulants, leading to higher flux (50%) compared to Traditional-OsMBR during a 40-operation day. A negligible specific reverse salt flux (0.059 G/L) and a water flux of 2.86 LMH were recorded when a mixture of 0.1 M EDTA-2Na/0.1 M Na2CO3/0.9 mM Triton114 functioned as draw solution (DS). It was found that the Dynamic-OsMBR/NF hybrid system could effectively remove pollutants (∼98% COD, ∼99% PO43-P, ∼93% NH4+-N, > 99% suspended solids) from wastewater. In short, this developed system can be considered a breakthrough technology as it successfully minimizes membrane fouling by shear force, and achieves high water quality for reuse by two membrane- barriers

Critical Phenomena at the Antiferromagnetic Phase Transition of Azurite

We report on high-resolution acoustic, specific-heat and thermal expansion measurements in the vicinity of the antiferromagnetic phase transition at T_N = 1.88 K on a high-quality single crystal of the natural mineral azurite. A detailed investigation of the critical contribution to the various quantities at T_N is presented. The set of critical exponents and amplitude ratios of the singular contributions above and below the transition indicate that the system can be reasonably well described by a three-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures, proceedings of ICM 2012, JKP

Survey of LTE Downlink Schedulers Algorithms in Open Access Simulation Tools NS-3 and LTE-SIM

The LTE/LTE-A has become a catchphrase for research and lot of research are being conducted and carried out in LTE in various issues by various people. New tools are developed and introduced in the market to interpret the results of the new algorithms proposed by various people. Some tools are open access which are free to use but some tools are produced by the companies which are not open access. In this paper some of the open access simulation tools like LTE-Sim and NS-3 are analyzed and LTE downlink scheduler algorithms are simulated using those tools. In LTE systems, the downlink scheduler is an important component for radio resource management; hence in the context of LTE simulation, a study between the downlink scheduler models between the simulators are performed

Radiation-induced Assembly of Rad51 and Rad52 Recombination Complex Requires ATM and c-Abl

Cells from individuals with the recessive cancer-prone disorder ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) are hypersensitive to ionizing radiation (I-R). ATM (mutated in A-T) is a protein kinase whose activity is stimulated by I-R. c-Abl, a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, interacts with ATM and is activated by ATM following I-R. Rad51 is a homologue of bacterial RecA protein required for DNA recombination and repair. Here we demonstrate that there is an I-R-induced Rad51 tyrosine phosphorylation, and this induction is dependent on both ATM and c-Abl. ATM, c-Abl, and Rad51 can be co-immunoprecipitated from cell extracts. Consistent with the physical interaction, c-Abl phosphorylates Rad51 in vitro and in vivo. In assays using purified components, phosphorylation of Rad51 by c-Abl enhances complex formation between Rad51 and Rad52, which cooperates with Rad51 in recombination and repair. After I-R, an increase in association between Rad51 and Rad52 occurs in wild-type cells but not in cells with mutations that compromise ATM or c-Abl. Our data suggest signaling mediated through ATM, and c-Abl is required for the correct post-translational modification of Rad51, which is critical for the assembly of Rad51 repair protein complex following I-R

Spaceborne SAR attitude steering method for smart imaging mode

The current spaceborne synthetic aperture radar systems are operated to illuminate the scene along the satellite flying direction. However, in many cases, the interested areas are not parallel to the flying direction, so an innovative smart imaging mode is acquired, which can be employed for illuminating scene along a given direction. A novel three-axis attitude steering method is proposed for smart imaging mode. First, mathematical model of the attitude steering is built by considering the restrictive conditions of zero-Doppler centroid requirement and the position of interested area. Then, an iterative optimisation algorithm is designed to calculate the three-axis steering angles. Finally, experiment results using the satellite tool kit tool validate the proposed methods well, especially in the case of coastline imaging

CD4+ T Cells Reactive to Enteric Bacterial Antigens in Spontaneously Colitic C3H/HeJBir Mice: Increased T Helper Cell Type 1 Response and Ability to Transfer Disease

C3H/HeJBir mice are a new substrain that spontaneously develop colitis early in life. This study was done to determine the T cell reactivity of C3H/HeJBir mice to candidate antigens that might be involved in their disease. C3H/HeJBir CD4+ T cells were strongly reactive to antigens of the enteric bacterial flora, but not to epithelial or food antigens. The stimulatory material in the enteric bacteria was trypsin sensitive and restricted by class II major histocompatibility complex molecules, but did not have the properties of a superantigen. The precursor frequency of interleuken (IL)-2–producing, bacterial-reactive CD4+ T cells in colitic mice was 1 out of 2,000 compared to 1 out of 20,000–25,000 in noncolitic control mice. These T cells produced predominately IL-2 and interferon γ, consistent with a T helper type 1 cell response and were present at 3–4 wk, the age of onset of the colitis. Adoptive transfer of bacterial-antigen–activated CD4+ T cells from colitic C3H/HeJBir but not from control C3H/HeJ mice into C3H/HeSnJ scid/scid recipients induced colitis. These data represent a direct demonstration that T cells reactive with conventional antigens of the enteric bacterial flora can mediate chronic inflammatory bowel disease

Voltammetric Determination of Thymol in Oregano Using CeO<inf>2</inf>-Modified Electrode in Brij® 35 Micellar Medium

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.Glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with CeO2 nanoparticles dispersed in 0.01 M Brij® 35 (CeO2-Brij® 35/GCE) has been developed for the determination of thymol in micellar medium. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) data confirm immobilization of the nanomaterial on the electrode surface. The electrooxidation of thymol on CeO2-Brij® 35/GCE is an irreversible diffusion-controlled process with participation of two electrons and two protons. Differential pulse voltammetry has been used for the quantification of thymol. The linear dynamic range of the thymol determination is 0.700–10.1 and 10.1–606 μM with the limits of detection and quantification 0.20 and 0.65 μM, respectively. The approach developed has been applied for the quantification of thymol in oregano spices using preliminary micellar extraction with Brij® 35. The results of voltammetric determination are in good agreement with the data of standard spectrophotometric method

Voltammetric Determination of Thymol in Oregano Using CeO<inf>2</inf>-Modified Electrode in Brij® 35 Micellar Medium

© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media New YorkGlassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with CeO2 nanoparticles dispersed in 0.01 M Brij® 35 (CeO2-Brij® 35/GCE) has been developed for the determination of thymol in micellar medium. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) data confirm immobilization of the nanomaterial on the electrode surface. The electrooxidation of thymol on CeO2-Brij® 35/GCE is an irreversible diffusion-controlled process with participation of two electrons and two protons. Differential pulse voltammetry has been used for the quantification of thymol. The linear dynamic range of the thymol determination is 0.700–10.1 and 10.1–606 μM with the limits of detection and quantification 0.20 and 0.65 μM, respectively. The approach developed has been applied for the quantification of thymol in oregano spices using preliminary micellar extraction with Brij® 35. The results of voltammetric determination are in good agreement with the data of standard spectrophotometric method