Increasing the Capital Income Tax Leads to Faster Growth

This paper shows that under rather mild conditions, higher capital income taxes lead to faster growth in an overlapping generations economy with endogenous growth. Government expenditures are financed with labor income taxes as well as capital income taxes. Since capital income accrues to the old, taxing it reliefs the tax burden on the young and leaves them with more income out of which to save. We argue that savings are sufficiently interest inelastic so that higher savings and therefore higher growth result. The basic argument is not seriously challenged by a grandfather clause for initial capital or by the old receiving some labor income as well.

Studies on chemical evolution using carbon suboxide

It was learned that when carbon suboxide polymers react with hydroxylamine in modified sea water the amino acids glycine and lysine are produced and that they react with urea to produce nucleic acid-like substances. These results lead to the supposition that it is possible that carbon suboxide polymers may have accumulated in the primeval sea some three or more billion years ago and were transformed into the procursors of living molecules

Application of Evaporation Method Using Two Tensiometers for Determining Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity beyond Tensiometric Range

Accurate determination of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity in low pressure head range is critical for predicting evaporation rate under localized irrigation or root water uptake under drought stress conditions. We proposed a relatively low cost and fast laboratory method to simultaneously determine water retention and hydraulic conductivity functions across a wide range of pressure heads. The method is quite similar to conventional evaporation method using two tensiometers. In addition to tensiometer readings, the proposed method uses water content profile at the end and cumulative evaporation. Experimental results for three soils with different textures showed that inversely optimized hydraulic conductivity functions agreed with K-data measured with the steady state evaporation method, indicating the reliability of the proposed method. The hydraulic conductivity functions fitted for K-data obtained by tensiometer readings with Campbell’s K(θ) function also agreed well with the reference K-data for two of the three soils, but largely deviated from those for the third soil. This indicates the importance of actual measurement of K(θ) in low pressure head range

A perception based approach for acoustic events modeling in interactive sound field network

Presented at the 8th International Conference on Auditory Display (ICAD), Kyoto, Japan, July 2-5, 2002.This paper describes the relation between physical / acoustic parameters and psychological scale for the sound fields in order to create an artificial impulse response of the room based on the perception. First, 19 specific words were chosen that expressing subjective impressions of the sound field from a Japanese language dictionary with 42,000 vocabularies. To classify the 19 words, speech sounds are compared in the way of dichotic listening. The speech sounds are convolution of an anechoic speech and impulse responses of rooms measured by using a dummy head microphone. The words are clustered into 4 categories, 1) high tone timbre, 2) low tone timbre, 3) spaciousness and 4) naturalness or clearness. Then, the 'spatial impression' was selected among 19words and a scale of it was obtained by way of Thurstone's case V since it is one of the important factors in the sound field design. Second, to create an impulse response corresponding to the 'spatial impression', we investigate the relation between the 'spatial impression' and physical/acoustic parameters. As a result, we found that the initial part of impulse response is an important part for controlling 'spatial impression'. The result is confirmed by listening test using artificial impulse responses. Finally, we propose a psychological approach for AEML(Acoustic Modeling Language) for Interactive Sound Field Network

Production of interleukin-10 by alveolar macrophages from lung cancer patients

AbstractInterleukin (IL)-10 is known to be an autoregulatory factor of functions of monocyte macrophages. The purpose of this study was to determine whether IL-10 production by alveolar macrophages (AMs) is altered in patients with lung cancer. AMs were obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage from 25 patients with lung cancer and 14 control patients. The production of IL-10 by AMs was quantitated by enzyme immunoassay with or without stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). No significant difference in spontaneous and LPS-stimulated IL-10 production by AMs was observed between lung cancer patients and control patients (mean ± sem; 288·0 ± 56·7 vs. 249·6 ± 58·4 pg ml−1). IL-10 production of LPS-stimulated AMs was not impaired even in lung cancer patients with systemic metastasis. IL-4 failed to suppress LPS-induced production of IL-10 by AMs both in control patients and in lung cancer patients. In eight patients with lung cancer, IL-10 production by AMs was estimated before and after systemic chemotherapy and IL-10 production by LPS-stimulated AMs tended to increase after systemic chemotherapy from 152·3 ± 51·9 to 278·0 ± 112·8 pg ml−1. As IL-10 is a potent inhibitor of tumour angiogenesis, an important process of tumour progression, these results suggest that, even in advanced cancer patients, macrophages can produce potent angiogenesis inhibitor and systemic chemotherapy may augment this inhibitory activity in the lung

Monte Carlo simulation of ice models

We propose a number of Monte Carlo algorithms for the simulation of ice models and compare their efficiency. One of them, a cluster algorithm for the equivalent three colour model, appears to have a dynamic exponent close to zero, making it particularly useful for simulations of critical ice models. We have performed extensive simulations using our algorithms to determine a number of critical exponents for the square ice and F models.Comment: 32 pages including 15 postscript figures, typeset in LaTeX2e using the Elsevier macro package elsart.cl