Outcomes of Subtrochanteric Fractures; A Prospective Study Focusing on the Comparison of Open and Closed Surgical Technique

Objective: To review the outcome of surgery by looking at function, deformity and pain according to Harris Hip Score comparing two surgical procedures i.e. open technique and closed technique using relatively recently developed implants. Methodology: This comparative prospective study was conducted in the department of orthopaedic surgery PIMS Islamabad, from June 2013 to May 2015. By using purposive sampling patients aged 20-50 years with closed subtrochanteric fractures of less than 2 weeks duration were included in the study. The patients with open fractures, pathological fractures, multiple fractures/ poly trauma, and old and neglected fractures of more than 2 weeks were excluded. All included cases of subtrochanteric fractures were managed by either closed technique, using Proximal Femur nail (PFN) or open technique using a Proximal Femur anatomical locking plate (PFP). This comparative study was planned to determine union rates, complications & functional outcome of fixation of subtrochanteric fractures.  Descriptive analysis was done using SPSS version 20. Chi-square test was applied for comparing qualitative variables.Results: A total of 100 cases were included in the study with the mean age was 38.5 ± 8.6 years in the open technique group () while 34.6 ± 1.2 years in closed technique (). There are 72 males and 28 females.  Union occurred 84% in open technique and 96% in closed technique.  In open technique group mean Harris hip score was 68.9 ±5.4 compared to 72.4 ± 6.2 in the closed technique group (p-value <0.001). In open technique group 6 (12.0%) cases had delayed union and 2 (4.0%) had non-union compared to 3 (6.0%) cases and 1 (2.0%) cases in closed technique group respectively.Conclusion: Outcome favours closed technique compared to open technique for subtrochanteric fractures fixation, when assessed on Harris hip Score. There was no statistically significant difference in the fracture union and frequency of complications between the two groups

Effect of obestatin on morphometry of testes and testosterone secretion in male rats

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of chronic intra peritoneal administration of obestatin on plasma testosterone concentrations and cellular morphometry of the testes in male Sprague Dawly rats. The treatment groups were injected with obestatin (1 nmol/100 μl saline i.p), while the control groups received saline (100 μl i.p) for ten consecutive days. Blood samples were collected at day 1 and 10 during the dose administration and day 5 and 15 after the dose administration. All the samples were collected at 10:00 a.m. Testes were removed after sacrificing the rats on days 5 and 15 after the last injection. Plasma testosterone concentrations were found significantly high (p < 0.05) in the obestatin treated groups when compared with the control groups. Testicular histomorphometry revealed that, obestatin treatment caused a significant increase in the primary spermatocytes (P < 0.0001), secondary spermatocytes and spermatids (P < 0.005) and leydig cells population (p < 0.0001) both after 5 and 15 days. These findings indicated that obestatin can be a stimulator of testicular functions.Key words: Obestatin, male reproduction, testis, rats

Fuzzy control system review

Overall intelligent control system which runs on fuzzy, genetic and neural algorithm is a promising engine for large –scale development of control systems . Its development relies on creating environments where anthropomorphic tasks can be performed autonomously or proactively with a human operator. Certainly, the ability to control processes with a degree of autonomy is depended on the quality of an intelligent control system envisioned. In this paper, a summary of published techniques for intelligent fuzzy control system is presented to enable a design engineer choose architecture for his particular purpose. Published concepts are grouped according to their functionality. Their respective performances are compared. The various fuzzy techniques are analyzed in terms of their complexity, efficiency, flexibility, start-up behavior and utilization of the controller with reference to an optimum control system condition

Kinerja Lpg Pada Motor Bakar 6,5 Hp Sebagai Bahan Bakar Alternatif Perahu Penangkap Ikan (Performance of Liquefied Petroleum Gas for 6,5 Hp Engine as an Alternative Fuel in Small Motorized Fishing Boat)

This research was to analyze the technical effect of LPG compared to the gasoline bymeasuring the engine and exhaust temperature, to calculate the fuel saving (efficiency) for a singletrip by measuring the specific fuel consumption, and to explicate the cost benefit from the use ofLPG compared to the gasoline for fishing operation. During the experimental test, the engine speedwas maintained at idling conditions of 1600, 2000, and 2500rev/min. Technically, the engine andexhaust temperature decrease when running on LPG. The use of LPG as an alternative fuel togasoline can save on fuel consumption up to 26,35% and LPG makes operational cost moreefficiently due to the lower value of FC than that of gasoline. For a single trip, the cost from LPGspecific fuel consumption (sfc) value resulted Rp 5.610 while the gasoline resulted higher valuewhich makes Rp 9.632. With the difference of Rp 4.022, LPG can save cost as much as 41,76%where cost savings in fuel expenditure can be used to reimburse the purchasing cost of converterkit for 41,5 months or 3,46 years

Search for a Signal on QCD Critical Point in Central Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions

We discuss that the QCD critical point could appear in central collisions in percolation cluster. We suggest using the nuclear transparency effect and the one of the light nuclear production to identify the critical point.Comment: To appear in the proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Ultra-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions (QM2008), Jaipur, India, February 4-10, 200