Effect of Linear Absorption on Efficiency of SHG in Layered Structure

The effect of linear absorptions on conversion efficiency of the fundamental radiation to the second harmonic wave in a layered structure is investigated under intensity constant approximation. Behaviour of the conversion efficiency after each layer, up to third layer, is graphically illustrated

Achieving to some outranking relationships between post mining land uses through mined land suitability analysis

Adoption of most suitable post mining land use is a problem with multi-dimensional nature. There are so many factors in this problem which seriously influence on the decision judgments. Therefore, in this study a fifty-attribute framework for mined land suitability analysis including fifty numbers of economical, social, technical and mine site factors developed to be a foundation for this decision making problem. Analysis by an outranking multi-attribute decision-making technique, called elimination et choix traduisant la realite method, was taken into consideration because of its clear advantages on the field of mined land suitability analysis as compared with multi-attribute decision-making ranking techniques. Analytical hierarchy process method applied to calculate global weights of the attributes through pair wise comparison matrixes. The weights then passed to the elimination et choix traduisant la realit method so that the most efficient post mining land uses could be appointed through comparisons of pair-wise dominance relationships between alternatives. This approach applied to an illustrative example where, final results showed that, there were two non-dominated land-uses for the considered example; industrial and pasture. However by increasing indifference threshold limit, the non-dominated set reduced to a single alternative that was pasture land-use

Profiling delirium progression in elderly patients via continuous-time markov multi-state transition models

none11Poor recognition of delirium among hospitalized elderlies is a typical challenge for health care professionals. Considering methodological insufficiency for assessing time-varying diseases, a continuous-time Markov multi-state transition model (CTMMTM) was used to investigate delirium evolution in elderly patients. This is a longitudinal observational study performed in September 2016 in an Italian hospital. Change of delirium states was modeled according to the 4AT score. A Cox model (CM) and a CTMMTM were used for identifying factors affecting delirium onset both with a two-state and three-state model. In this study, 78 patients were enrolled and evaluated for 5 days. Both the CM and the CTMMTM show that urine catheter (UC), aging, drugs, and invasive devices (ID) are risk factors for delirium onset. The CTMMTM model shows that transition from nodelirium/cognitive impairment to delirium was associated with aging (HR = 1.14; 95%CI, 1.05, 1.23) and neuroleptics (HR = 4.3; 1.57, 11.77), dopaminergic drugs (HR = 3.89; 1.2, 12.6), UC (HR = 2.92; 1.09, 7.79) and ID (HR = 1.67; 103, 2.71). These results are confirmed by the multivariable model. Aging, ID, antibiotics, drugs affecting the central nervous system, and absence of moving ability are identified as the significant predictors of delirium. Additionally, it seems that modeling with CTMMTM may show associations that are not directly detectable with the traditional CM.noneOcagli H.; Azzolina D.; Soltanmohammadi R.; Aliyari R.; Bottigliengo D.; Acar A.S.; Stivanello L.; Degan M.; Baldi I.; Lorenzoni G.; Gregori D.Ocagli, H.; Azzolina, D.; Soltanmohammadi, R.; Aliyari, R.; Bottigliengo, D.; Acar, A. S.; Stivanello, L.; Degan, M.; Baldi, I.; Lorenzoni, G.; Gregori, D

Statistical QoS provisioning for MTC networks under finite blocklength

Abstract This paper analyzes the effective capacity of delay-constrained machine-type communication (MTC) networks operating in the finite blocklength regime. First, we derive a closed-form mathematical approximation for the effective capacity in quasi-static Rayleigh fading channels. We characterize the optimum error probability to maximize the concave effective capacity function with reliability constraint and study the effect of signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) variations for different delay constraints. The trade-off between reliability and effective capacity maximization reveals that we can achieve higher reliability with limited sacrifice in effective capacity specially when the number of machines is small. Our analysis reveals that SINR variations have less impact on effective capacity for strict delay-constrained networks. We present an exemplary scenario for massive MTC access to analyze the interference effect proposing three methods to restore the effective capacity for a certain node which are power control, graceful degradation of delay constraint, and joint compensation. Joint compensation combines both power control and graceful degradation of delay constraint, where we perform the maximization of an objective function whose parameters are determined according to the delay and SINR priorities. Our results show that networks with stringent delay constraints favor power controlled compensation, and compensation is generally performed at higher costs for shorter packets

Robust Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Based on Adaptive Reputation and Evidential Reasoning Theory in Cognitive Radio Network

In this paper we investigate the problem of cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) in cognitive radio networks (CRNs) in the presence of malicious attacks from secondary users (SUs). We propose a novel CSS approach based on a new adaptive reputation and evidential reasoning theory (ERT) to detect the malicious SUs, to strengthen the sensing ability, and to keep good stability and generalization ability. Different from the previous work, we assume that the fusion center has no prior information of the radios in CRNs except the condition that the honest SUs are in majority. Specifically, to counter different attack strategies, we present an adaptive reputation which fully considers the signal-to-noise ratio, historical sensing data information, and current local sensing results via an energy detection method. The proposed adaptive reputation can effectively identify the malicious SUs when the CRNs are with single-attack or multiple-attack models. Furthermore, we present a CSS scheme via the proposed adaptive reputation and ERT on the basis of local sensing results derived from the energy detection method. The new CSS scheme has good robustness and generality and can decrease the computational complexity and overcome the evidence conflict problems of Dempster–Shafer theory-based CSS schemes. Extensive simulations are carried out to demonstrate the performance and the superiority of the proposed approach in contrast with previous methods