In vivo nematicidal potential of camel milk on Heligmosomoides polygyrus gastro-intestinal nematode of rodents

Following our previous fi ndings on the in vitro anthelmintic effect of camel milk on Haemonchus contortus, the current study aimed at investigating its in vivo effect. Investigations were carried out using mice infected with Heligmosomoides polygyrus which is a parasite commonly used to test the effi cacy of anthelmintics. Thirty six Swiss white mice of both sexes aged 5 – 6 weeks old, and weighing between 20 and 25 g were orally infected with 0.5 ml dose of 100, 1-week-old H. polygyrus infective larvae (L3 ). After the pre-patent period, infected animals were randomly divided into 6 groups of 6 animals each. The nematicidal effi cacy of camel milk was monitored through faecal egg count reduction (FECR) and total worm count reduction (TWCR). Four doses (8.25; 16.5; 33.0; 66.0 ml/kg body weight (bw)) for fresh camel milk and 22 mg/kg bw for albendazole were studied using a bioassay. Albendazole and 4 % dimethylsulfoxide were included in the protocol as reference drug and placebo, respectively. For all tested doses except 8.25 ml/kg bw, camel milk was effective in vivo against H. polygyrus reducing both faecal egg count and worm count (p < 0.05). The dose 66 ml/kg bw showed the highest nematicidal activity causing a 76.75 % FECR and a 69.62 % TWCR 7 day after initiating the treatment. These results support the possible use of camel milk in the control of gastro-intestinal helminthiasis

Novel 6-aryl-7-alkyl/aryl-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,3,5]triazine-5(6H)-thiones, processes for their preparation, characterization and evaluation of their in vitro antioxidant activity

ABSTRACT. A series of nine new 6-aryl-7-alkyl/aryl-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,3,5]triazine-5(6H)-thiones (2a-i) were synthesized by a reaction of N-triazol-3-yl imidates (1) with three different isothiocyanate derivatives (RNCS)  in refluxing toluene. The structures of the final heterocyclic compounds were confirmed by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, FT-IR, elemental analysis, and mass spectral analysis. The target compounds (2a-i) were in vitro screened for their activity as antioxidants using DPPH (2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and FRAP (ferric reducing/antioxidant power) methods. The results revealed that some triazolotriazine-5-(6H)thiones exhibited antioxidant activity ranging from moderate to high. The obtained findings revealed that the triazolotriazine-5-(6H)thiones (2g, 2h, and 2i) have superiority among all compounds, It is obvious that the presence of a hydroxyl group in the structure is essential for the antioxidant properties and should be taken into consideration in further design of structures with potential antioxidant properties.                     KEY WORDS: Imidates, Isothiocyanates, Antioxidant, Triazole, DPPH, FRAP   Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2021, 35(3), 565-572. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v35i3.

Cerebellar liponeurocytoma with extracranial extension: Case report

Cerebellar liponeurocytoma is a newly recognized, rare clinicopathological entity commonly described in the cerebellar hemispheres or the vermis. We present a rare case of cerebellar liponeurocytoma arising from the left cerebellar amygdala with extracranial extension. Such a condition has never been previously reported

Enquête Ethnopharmacologique sur l’usage traditionnel de l’Aneth (Anethum graveolens L.) dans le Nord-Ouest de la Tunisie

Located at the crossroads of the human-Nature sciences, ethno-pharmacology is a discipline that is interested in traditional medicines whose objective is the search for new treatments of tomorrow. In this context, we conducted an ethno-pharmacological survey on the traditional use of aneth (Anethum graveolens L.) in some regions of the North-West of Tunisia to examine Tunisians' knowledge of its use for treatment and disease control. A survey was prepared with two parts, the first deals with the profile of the respondent (age, sex, level of study) and the second was devoted to identification and use of aneth (parts used, diseases treated and methods of preparation and administration, etc.). Collected data revealed that Aneth is used as a therapeutic remedy for treatment of various pathologies, mainly digestive disorders (40.7%). The investigation also revealed the mode of preparation where the respondents use it as food (50.9%) followed by infusion and decoction (24.7% and 23.7%, respectively). The most used part according to them is the leaf (29.2%) while the mode of administration is mainly oral (97.1%). In conclusion, the information obtained from inhabitants of Tabarka, Bou Salem and Nefza regions about this medicinal and aromatic plant is interesting for a possible therapeutic innovation. They could form a database for subsequent pharmacological and experimental evaluations to explore the curative potential of this plant. Keywords: Ethno-pharmacology, Traditional medicine, Dill, Aneth, Survey, TunisiaSituée à la croisée des sciences d’Homme-Nature, l’ethno-pharmacologie est une discipline qui s’intéresse aux médecines traditionnelles dont l’objectif est la recherche de nouveaux traitements de demain. Dans ce cadre, nous avons mené une enquête ethno-pharmacologique sur l'utilisation traditionnelle de l’Aneth (Anethum graveolens L.) dans quelques régions de Nord-Ouest de la Tunisie pour examiner les connaissances des Tunisiens concernant son usage pour se soigner et pour lutter contre les maladies. Une fiche d’enquête a été préparée avec deux rubriques dont la première s’intéresse au profil de l’enquêté (âge, sexe, niveau d’étude) et la deuxième a été consacrée à l’identification et à l’usage de la plante choisie (les parties utilisées, les maladies traitées et les modes de préparations et d’administration). Les données obtenues ont révélé que l’Aneth est utilisé comme remède thérapeutique pour le traitement de diverses pathologies, essentiellement les troubles digestifs (40,7%). L’enquête a également révélé dans la partie mode de préparation que les enquêtés l’utilise comme aliment (50,9%) suivis par l’infusion et la décoction de (24,7% et 23,7%, respectivement). La partie la plus utilisée selon eux est la feuille (29,2%) alors que le mode d’administration est essentiellement oral (97,1%). En conclusion, les informations obtenues des habitants des régions de Tabarka, Bou Salem et Nefza à propos de cette plante médicinale et aromatique sont intéressantes pour une éventuelle innovation thérapeutique. Elles pourraient être une base de données pour des évaluations pharmacologiques et expérimentales ultérieurs pour explorer les potentialités curatives de cette plante. Mots clés: Ethno-pharmacologie, Médecine traditionnelle, Aneth, Enquête, Tunisi

Health promoting potential of herbal teas and tinctures from Artemisia campestris subsp maritima: from traditional remedies to prospective products

This work explored the biotechnological potential of the medicinal halophyte Artemisia campestris subsp. maritima (dune wormwood) as a source of health promoting commodities. For that purpose, infusions, decoctions and tinctures were prepared from roots and aerial-organs and evaluated for in vitro antioxidant, anti-diabetic and tyrosinase-inhibitory potential, and also for polyphenolic and mineral contents and toxicity. The dune wormwood extracts had high polyphenolic content and several phenolics were identified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array-mass-spectrometry (UHPLC-PDA-MS). The main compounds were quinic, chlorogenic and caffeic acids, coumarin sulfates and dicaffeoylquinic acids; several of the identified phytoconstituents are here firstly reported in this A. campestris subspecies. Results obtained with this plant's extracts point to nutritional applications as mineral supplementary source, safe for human consumption, as suggested by the moderate to low toxicity of the extracts towards mammalian cell lines. The dune wormwood extracts had in general high antioxidant activity and also the capacity to inhibit a-glucosidase and tyrosinase. In summary, dune wormwood extracts are a significant source of polyphenolic and mineral constituents, antioxidants and a-glucosidase and tyrosinase inhibitors, and thus, relevant for different commercial segments like the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and/or food industries.FCT - Foundation for Science and Technology [CCMAR/Multi/04326/2013]; Portuguese National Budget; FCT [IF/00049/2012, SFRH/BD/94407/2013]; Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO) [12M8315N]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Autozygome-guided exome sequencing in retinal dystrophy patients reveals pathogenetic mutations and novel candidate disease genes

Retinal dystrophy (RD) is a heterogeneous group of hereditary diseases caused by loss of photoreceptor function and contributes significantly to the etiology of blindness globally but especially in the industrialized world. The extreme locus and allelic heterogeneity of these disorders poses a major diagnostic challenge and often impedes the ability to provide a molecular diagnosis that can inform counseling and gene-specific treatment strategies. In a large cohort of nearly 150 RD families, we used genomic approaches in the form of autozygome-guided mutation analysis and exome sequencing to identify the likely causative genetic lesion in the majority of cases. Additionally, our study revealed six novel candidate disease genes (C21orf2, EMC1, KIAA1549, GPR125, ACBD5, and DTHD1), two of which (ACBD5 and DTHD1) were observed in the context of syndromic forms of RD that are described for the first time