Human Satellite Cell Transplantation and Regeneration from Diverse Skeletal Muscles

© 2015 The Authors.Summary Identification of human satellite cells that fulfill muscle stem cell criteria is an unmet need in regenerative medicine. This hurdle limits understanding how closely muscle stem cell properties are conserved among mice and huma

Economic modeling and budget impact analysis in abdominal surgery: the case of Mesh

The chapter describes the Budget Impact Analysis (BIA) which is increasingly demanded by regulators as an essential part of a comprehensive economic evaluation of a new healthcare intervention. An example of BIA is presented considering the case of prostheses for incisional hernia repairs. The objective of this chapter is to give an overview of an ongoing project with the aim to estimate the current economic impact of the management of patients with incisional abdominal hernia through biosynthetic, synthetic or biologic meshes and to evaluate changes in the healthcare budget considering a future scenario with increased utilization rates of biosynthetic meshes in the next five years. The analysis is performed from the hospital perspective in Italy

Transcriptional Programming of Normal and Inflamed Human Epidermis at Single-Cell Resolution

© 2018 The Authors Perturbations in the transcriptional programs specifying epidermal differentiation cause diverse skin pathologies ranging from impaired barrier function to inflammatory skin disease. However, the global scope and organization of this complex cellular program remain undefined. Here we report single-cell RNA sequencing profiles of 92,889 human epidermal cells from 9 normal and 3 inflamed skin samples. Transcriptomics-derived keratinocyte subpopulations reflect classic epidermal strata but also sharply compartmentalize epithelial functions such as cell-cell communication, inflammation, and WNT pathway modulation. In keratinocytes, ∼12% of assessed transcript expression varies in coordinate patterns, revealing undescribed gene expression programs governing epidermal homeostasis. We also identify molecular fingerprints of inflammatory skin states, including S100 activation in the interfollicular epidermis of normal scalp, enrichment of a CD1C+CD301A+myeloid dendritic cell population in psoriatic epidermis, and IL1βhiCCL3hiCD14+monocyte-derived macrophages enriched in foreskin. This compendium of RNA profiles provides a critical step toward elucidating epidermal diseases of development, differentiation, and inflammation. Cheng et al. report single-cell RNA sequencing of normal and inflamed human epidermis, revealing a discrete set of specialized keratinocytes that exhibit a distinct composition at different anatomic sites. Myeloid dendritic cells and macrophages also vary sharply with epidermal anatomic site and inflammation, indicating dynamic programming of antigen-presenting cells