Bedeutung molekularpathologischer Methoden in der Onkologie: Pathologie und onkologische Entscheidungsprozesse

Zusammenfassung: Die Anzahl von molekularen Untersuchungen in der Histo- und Zytopathologie hat in den letzten Jahren, insbesondere mit zunehmender Bedeutung der sog. personalisierten Medizin bei Krebspatienten, stark zugenommen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchungen fließen vermehrt in die Pathologieberichte ein, die den behandelnden Ärzten als Grundlage für weitere Therapieentscheidungen dienen. Die wichtigsten molekularen Methoden, die derzeit in der Pathologie eingesetzt werden, werden mit ihren Möglichkeiten und Grenzen vorgestell

Bedeutung molekularpathologischer Methoden in der Onkologie: Pathologie und onkologische Entscheidungsprozesse

Zusammenfassung: Die Anzahl von molekularen Untersuchungen in der Histo- und Zytopathologie hat in den letzten Jahren, insbesondere mit zunehmender Bedeutung der sog. personalisierten Medizin bei Krebspatienten, stark zugenommen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchungen fließen vermehrt in die Pathologieberichte ein, die den behandelnden Ärzten als Grundlage für weitere Therapieentscheidungen dienen. Die wichtigsten molekularen Methoden, die derzeit in der Pathologie eingesetzt werden, werden mit ihren Möglichkeiten und Grenzen vorgestell

The PSI np data and their effect on the charge Π−N−N\Pi-N-N coupling constant

Differential cross sections of elastic neutron-proton scattering have been measured for the energy range from 200 MeV to 580 MeV. The angular interval for the detection of the recoiling proton ranges up to 48 degree in the laboratory system. This corresponds to an interval of the scattering angle from 80 degree to 180 degree in the centre-of-mass system. For absolute normalization the simultaneously measured np --> d Pi^o reaction was used above 280 MeV. The charged Pi-NN coupling constant has been determined to f^2_{Pi-n-p} = 0.076+-0.001

Macroscopic phase segregation in superconducting K0.73Fe1.67Se2 as seen by muon spin rotation and infrared spectroscopy

Using muon spin rotation (\muSR) and infrared spectroscopy we investigated the recently discovered superconductor K0.73Fe1.67Se2 with Tc = 32 K. We show that the combined data can be consistently described in terms of a macroscopically phase segregated state with a matrix of ~88% volume fraction that is insulating and strongly magnetic and inclusions with a ~12% volume fraction which are metallic, superconducting and non-magnetic. The electronic properties of the latter, in terms of the normal state plasma frequency and the superconducting condensate density, appear to be similar as in other iron selenide or arsenide superconductors.Comment: 22 pages, 8 figures. (citation list correction.

Macroscopic phase segregation in superconducting K_0.73Fe_1.67Se₂ as seen by muon spin rotation and infrared spectroscopy

Using muon spin rotation and infrared spectroscopy, we investigated the recently discovered superconductor K0.73Fe1.67Se₂ with Tc≈32 K. We show that the combined data can be consistently described in terms of a macroscopically phase-segregated state with a matrix of ∼88% volume fraction that is insulating and strongly magnetic and inclusions with an ∼12% volume fraction, which are metallic, superconducting, and nonmagnetic. The electronic properties of the latter, in terms of the normal state plasma frequency and the superconducting condensate density, appear to be similar as in other iron selenide or arsenide superconductors

Digital image analysis and artificial intelligence in pathology diagnostics-the Swiss view

Digital pathology (DP) is increasingly entering routine clinical pathology diagnostics. As digitization of the routine caseload advances, implementation of digital image analysis algorithms and artificial intelligence tools becomes not only attainable, but also desirable in daily sign out. The Swiss Digital Pathology Consortium (SDiPath) has initiated a Delphi process to generate best-practice recommendations for various phases of the process of digitization in pathology for the local Swiss environment, encompassing the following four topics: i) scanners, quality assurance, and validation of scans; ii) integration of scanners and systems into the pathology laboratory information system; iii) the digital workflow; and iv) digital image analysis (DIA)/artificial intelligence (AI). The current article focuses on the DIA-/AI-related recommendations generated and agreed upon by the working group and further verified by the Delphi process among the members of SDiPath. Importantly, they include the view and the currently perceived needs of practicing pathologists from multiple academic and cantonal hospitals as well as private practices

Muon spin rotation study of magnetism and superconductivity in BaFe2-xCoxAs2 and Pr1-xSrxFeAsO

We present a muon spin rotation (\muSR) study of the magnetic and superconducting properties of single crystals of electron-doped BaFe2-xCoxAs2 with x=0.08, 0.20, and 0.25 (Tc=9, 25 and 20K) and of polycrystalline hole-doped Pr1-xSrxFeAsO with x=0 and 0.2 (Tc=15 K). In the former series we observe some interesting parallels with the electron doped SmFeAsO1-xFx 1111-type system [A.J. Drew et al., to appear in Nature Materials 2009 and arXiv:0807.4876]. In particular, we obtain evidence that strongly disordered static magnetism coexists with superconductivity on a microscopic scale in underdoped samples and even at optimum doping there is a slowing down (or enhancement) of dynamic magnetic correlations below Tc\approx25K. To the contrary, for the hole-doped Pr1-xSrxFeAsO samples we obtain evidence for a mesoscopic phase segregation into regions with nearly unperturbed AF order and others that are non magnetic and most likely superconducting. The observed trend resembles the one that was previously reported for hole-doped Ba1-xKxFe2As2 [A.A. Aczel et al., Phys. Rev. B 78, 214503 (2008); J.T. Park et al., arXiv:0811.2224] and thus seems to be fairly common in these hole doped systems.Comment: 17 pages, 6 figure

Ultra-deep sequencing confirms immunohistochemistry as a highly sensitive and specific method for detecting BRAF (V600E) mutations in colorectal carcinoma

The activating BRAF (V600) mutation is a well-established negative prognostic biomarker in metastatic colorectal carcinoma (CRC). A recently developed monoclonal mouse antibody (clone VE1) has been shown to detect reliably BRAF (V600E) mutated protein by immunohistochemistry (IHC). In this study, we aimed to compare the detection of BRAF (V600E) mutations by IHC, Sanger sequencing (SaS), and ultra-deep sequencing (UDS) in CRC. VE1-IHC was established in a cohort of 68 KRAS wild-type CRCs. The VE1-IHC was only positive in the three patients with a known BRAF (V600E) mutation as assessed by SaS and UDS. The test cohort consisted of 265 non-selected, consecutive CRC samples. Thirty-nine out of 265 cases (14.7 %) were positive by VE1-IHC. SaS of 20 randomly selected IHC negative tumors showed BRAF wild-type (20/20). Twenty-four IHC-positive cases were confirmed by SaS (24/39; 61.5 %) and 15 IHC-positive cases (15/39; 38.5 %) showed a BRAF wild-type by SaS. UDS detected a BRAF (V600E) mutation in 13 of these 15 discordant cases. In one tumor, the mutation frequency was below our threshold for UDS positivity, while in another case, UDS could not be performed due to low DNA amount. Statistical analysis showed sensitivities of 100 % and 63 % and specificities of 95 and 100 % for VE1-IHC and SaS, respectively, compared to combined results of SaS and UDS. Our data suggests that there is high concordance between UDS and IHC using the anti-BRAF(V600E) (VE1) antibody. Thus, VE1 immunohistochemistry is a highly sensitive and specific method in detecting BRAF (V600E) mutations in colorectal carcinoma

Study of the reaction pbar p -> phi phi from 1.1 to 2.0 GeV/c

A study has been performed of the reaction pbar p -> 4K using in-flight antiprotons from 1.1 to 2.0 GeV/c incident momentum interacting with a hydrogen jet target. The reaction is dominated by the production of a pair of phi mesons. The pbar p -> phi phi cross section rises sharply above threshold and then falls continuously as a function of increasing antiproton momentum. The overall magnitude of the cross section exceeds expectations from a simple application of the OZI rule by two orders of magnitude. In a fine scan around the xi/f_J(2230) resonance, no structure is observed. A limit is set for the double branching ratio B(xi -> pbar p) * B(xi -> phi phi) < 6e-5 for a spin 2 resonance of M = 2.235 GeV and Width = 15 MeV.Comment: 13 pages, 13 figures, 2 tables, Latex. To be published in Phys. Rev.